Physiology of Actinomycetes

Cochrane, Vincent W.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.15.100161.000245

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, anaerobic growth on CGP and nitrate reduction by members of genus Pseudomonas have been well investigated (Sallam and Steinbüchel 2008). Species of the genera Micromonospora, Streptomyces and Brevibacillus are also known to be facultative anaerobic (Cochrane 1961;Borodina et al 2005;Baek et al 2006). In general, the recent investigations on CGP degradation point towards a wide-spread occurrence of CGP-degrading bacteria among facultative anaerobic bacteria (Sallam and Steinbüchel 2008;this study).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cyanophycin-degrading bacteria in digestive tracts of mammals, birds and fish and consequences for possible applications of cyanophycin and its dipeptides in nutrition and therapy

Sallam

Steinbüchel

2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To determine the susceptibility of cyanophycin granule polypeptide (CGP) to degradation by several mammalian, avian and fish gut flora. Methods and Results: Samples of gut flora were investigated for the occurrence of bacteria capable of CGP degradation. With all samples, a complete anaerobic degradation of CGP was achieved over incubation periods of only 12–48 h at 37°C. CGP‐degrading bacteria were detected in all samples, and they occurred in particular high titres in caecum flora from rabbit and sheep and in the digestive tract of carp fish. A total of 62 axenic cultures were isolated. All degraded CGP aerobically, 46 of them degraded CGP also anaerobically over incubation periods ranging from 24 h to 7 days. HPLC analysis revealed that all isolates degraded CGP to its constituting dipeptides. Eight strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were affiliated to the genera Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces and Micromonospora. Conclusions: These data demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of a natural niche for CGP in the digestive tracts of animals. Significance and Impact of the Study: The biodegradability of CGP by gut flora provides a first confirmation for the potential applications of CGP and its dipeptides in nutrition and therapy as highly bio‐available sources for arginine, lysine, aspartate and possibly also other amino acids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanophycin-degrading bacteria in digestive tracts of mammals, birds and fish and consequences for possible applications of cyanophycin and its dipeptides in nutrition and therapy

Sallam

Steinbüchel

2009

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…In S. coelicolor, little is known about carbon metabolism and how this might alter during the period of antibiotic production. I n Streptomyes aureofaciens, DiMarco (1956 ; quoted in Cochrane, 1961) Canovas & Kornberg, 1965). Particularly relevant is the discovery by Ikeda e t al.…”

Section: Streptomyes Coelicolormentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between carbon flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and production of the antibiotic methylenomycin in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

et al. 1996

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Radiorespirometry was employed to study carbon metabolism during the growth of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) in a minimal medium which permitted the production of methylenomycin as the sole detectable secondary metabolite. A switch in the pattern of carbon metabolism from the Embden-Myerhof-Parnas pathway to the pentose phosphate pathway occurred during the period of slower growth in batch culture which immediately preceded entry into the stationary phase. This coincided with the period of methylenomycin production. It is proposed that the biosynthesis of methylenomycin is supported by the generation of NADPH during the latter part of growth.

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“…Worth mentioning in the present context, although not endowed with antibiotic activity, are the peptolides (sporidesmin and sporidesmolides) produced at sporulation by certain fungi (54, 164); they are located at the surface layers of the fungal spores (30). Little information could be found, beyond the mere mention of their existence (46,217), on protease and nuclease production by actinomycetes, but the case of extracellular wall-lytic enzymes seems better documented (221). Em-phasis was put on the fact that these enzymes are produced exclusively by the aerial mycelium when sporulation sets in (220).…”

Section: Cytological Classification Of the Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%