Physiology and Survival of Atlantic Salmon following Exhaustive Exercise in Hard and Softer Water: Implications for the Catch-and-Release Sport Fishery

Kieffer, James D.; Rossiter, Andrew; Kieffer, Christine A.; Davidson, Kevin; Tufts, Bruce L.

doi:10.1577/1548-8675(2002)022<0132:pasoas>2.0.co;2

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Sustained or multiple net entanglements may cause chronic physiological stress (Schreck ), impairing swimming performance (Barton ) and resulting in delayed mortality in the days to weeks following gill‐net escapement (Kieffer et al. ; Davis ; Donaldson et al. ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gill‐Net Fishing Effort Predicts Physical Injuries on Sockeye Salmon Captured near Spawning Grounds

Kanigan

Hinch

Bass

et al. 2019

N American J Fish Manag

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Nonretention in gill‐net fisheries for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. can be relatively high and can cause a variety of impairments to nonretained fish, which often lead to immediate or delayed mortality. We sought to improve the understanding of the association between gill‐net escapement and injuries incurred by upriver‐migrating salmon by examining the relationship between gill‐net fishing effort in the Fraser River, British Columbia, and the frequency and severity of gill‐net injuries to migrating Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Adult Sockeye Salmon were intercepted at a location approximately 335 km from the mouth of the Fraser River and assessed for gill‐net injuries. Gill‐net fisheries targeting Sockeye Salmon operated throughout the first 320 km of the Fraser River main stem starting at the mouth of the river. A generalized linear mixed model was used to identify the role of gill‐net fishing effort, fork length, and sex on the probability of an individual fish sustaining a gill‐net injury. Predicted probabilities of gill‐net injury ranged from 12% to 46% across all levels of fishing effort, suggesting that gill‐net injuries were more prevalent among individuals that encountered high levels of fishing effort. However, fishing effort did not seem to influence the severity of gill‐net injuries. Our results suggest that estimates of fishing effort may be useful in predicting the probability of gill‐net injury to migrating fish, which could help managers estimate en route mortality and more accurately predict spawner escapement.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gill‐Net Fishing Effort Predicts Physical Injuries on Sockeye Salmon Captured near Spawning Grounds

Kanigan

Hinch

Bass

et al. 2019

N American J Fish Manag

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“…In their study, white muscle lactate concentrations in soft-water-acclimated fish were lower than hard-water-acclimated fish, which they attributed to a potential increase in loss of lactate from the white muscle. However, the use of different swimming protocols (Kieffer et al (2002) exercised their fish to exhaustion, whereas we did not in this study) prevents further comparisons.…”

Section: Blood Parametersmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In the current study, soft-wateracclimated fish had accumulated greater concentrations of blood lactate, which indirectly reveals greater lactate synthesis and diffusion from the white muscle, however the difference was only significant during the cardiac-output study (P = 0.02 vs. P = 0.08). Kieffer et al (2002) also reported increased blood lactate concentrations in soft-water-acclimated fish after exhaustive swimming. In their study, white muscle lactate concentrations in soft-water-acclimated fish were lower than hard-water-acclimated fish, which they attributed to a potential increase in loss of lactate from the white muscle.…”

Section: Blood Parametersmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Only a few studies have investigated the interactions between exercise and water hardness, during which fish must also adjust to modified levels of ions (Graham and Wood 1981, Waiwood and Beamish 1978, Kieffer et al 2002. Prolonged exposure to ionpoor (soft) water induces the proliferation of chloride cells, and is thought to be a physiological adaptation serving to promote and maintain ionic balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of soft-water acclimation on the physiology, swimming performance, and cardiac parameters of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Dussault

Playle

Dixon

et al. 2007

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Rainbow trout acclimated to soft water were submitted to an incremental velocity trial, and exhibited a 14% decrease in critical swimming speed (U(crit) * 1.37 +/- 0.055 vs. 1.54 +/- 0.044 m s(-1)) compared to fish kept in hard water. After a standardized swimming protocol, soft-water-acclimated fish had higher blood lactate concentrations (6.5 +/- 0.66 and 6.0 +/- 0.64 mmol L(-1) (soft water) vs. 5.0 +/- 0.46 and 3.9 +/- 0.32 mmol L(-1) (hard water)), revealing a greater use of anaerobic metabolism for the same exercise. Cardiovascular parameters were investigated while fish were swimming at increasing water velocities, revealing that soft-water-acclimated fish had lower increases in heart rate (105% vs. 118% of pre-exercise values), due to higher heart rates observed during acclimation and during the first 10 min of the swimming trial. This was also reflected by the plateau in heart rate and stroke volume observed during the swimming protocol, which can be attributed to increased cardiovascular function in response to soft-water acclimation. These results are in accord with previously reported increases in blood-to-water diffusion distance, due to proliferation of chloride cells at the gills in response to soft-water conditions, and underscore the costs and limitations of soft-water acclimation.

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“…Fish may be released from fisheries gear, either intentionally through voluntary or mandated release or unintentionally from individuals that make contact with the fisheries gear but escape prior to being landed. Delayed mortality (i.e., occurring up to several days) following release or escape from fisheries can occur days or weeks after net disentanglement (Davis 2002;Broadhurst et al 2008;Donaldson et al 2010a) and has been suggested to be stress related for salmonids (Black 1958;Wood et al 1983;Kieffer et al 2002). Postrelease lethal and sublethal effects can contribute to fisheries-induced selection (Baker et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Specific Consequences of Fisheries-Related Stressors on Adult Sockeye Salmon

Donaldson¹,

Hinch²,

Raby³

et al. 2012

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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The objective of this study was to determine whether fisheries-related stressors differently influence two populations of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) with shared migration timing and location but where one population (i.e., Harrison) spawns 1 mo after the other (i.e., Weaver). Four stressor treatments were used following beach seine capture: (1) immediate release, (2) release after 10-15 min in the beach seine, (3) an additional 3-min gill net entanglement and 1-min air exposure, and (4) an additional 3-min tangle net simulation and 1-min air exposure. A comprehensive acoustic telemetry array and manual tracking revealed that survival was low overall, with more Weaver fish (34.2% of 38 tagged) reaching spawning areas compared to Harrison fish (17.8% of 78 tagged). For the Harrison population but not the Weaver, the gill net treatment influenced immediate (i.e., survived treatment) and short-term (i.e., 5-d postrelease) survival as well as survival to reach spawning areas. Harrison fish were more likely to be injured by the treatment, and reflex impairment predicted their short-term and long-term survival. Physiological condition did not differ between populations at the time of release, although both populations showed signs of severe physiological disturbances from the gill and tangle net simulations. These results suggest that even short durations of gill or tangle net entanglement can result in profound population-specific physiological disturbances and mortality. The notion that there can be population-specific variation in response to fisheries encounters adds complexity to management and provides further evidence for intraspecific differences in migration success.

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Physiology and Survival of Atlantic Salmon following Exhaustive Exercise in Hard and Softer Water: Implications for the Catch-and-Release Sport Fishery

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Gill‐Net Fishing Effort Predicts Physical Injuries on Sockeye Salmon Captured near Spawning Grounds

Gill‐Net Fishing Effort Predicts Physical Injuries on Sockeye Salmon Captured near Spawning Grounds

Effects of soft-water acclimation on the physiology, swimming performance, and cardiac parameters of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Population-Specific Consequences of Fisheries-Related Stressors on Adult Sockeye Salmon

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