Physiology and radiology of the normal oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing.

Dodds, Wylie J.; Stewart, Edward T.; Logemann, Jeri A.

doi:10.2214/ajr.154.5.2108569

Cited by 455 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Davies and colleagues hold that the current classification system fails to encompass the full range of feeding difficulties and places undue emphasis on the problem being solely the child's, failing to capture important contexts in which the child lives. 22 Although child factors such as temperament [23][24][25] ; organic conditions 26 ; structural abnormalities or dysphagia [27][28][29] ; and developmental problems and syndromes [30][31][32] have been linked with the pathogenesis of FDs, environment and parental factors may also interact to influence and maintain the problems. 18 Research that has focused on maternal/caregiver influences has found mothers of children with FD to (a) be more unpredictable, coercive, controlling, insensitive, intrusive, and over-stimulating, (b) be less flexible, accepting, and affectionate, (c) be more likely to use physical punishment or forcefeeding, (d) have difficulty receiving the child's signals, and (e) show more anger and hostility during interaction with their children.…”

Section: Feeding Disorder Of Infancy or Early Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding and eating disorders in childhood

Bryant‐Waugh¹,

Markham²,

Kreipe³

et al. 2010

Intl J Eating Disorders

238

219

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Objective: To review the literature related to the current DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood; pica; rumination disorder; and other childhood presentations that are characterized by avoidance of food or restricted food intake, with the purpose of informing options for DSM-V.Method: Articles were identified by computerized and manual searches and reviewed to evaluate the evidence supporting possible options for revision of criteria.Results: The study of childhood feeding and eating disturbances has been hampered by inconsistencies in classification and use of terminology. Greater clarity around subtypes of feeding and eating problems in children would benefit clinicians and patients alike.Discussion: A number of suggestions supported by existing evidence are made that provide clearer descriptions of subtypes to improve clinical utility and to promote research. V

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Section: Feeding Disorder Of Infancy or Early Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding and eating disorders in childhood

Bryant‐Waugh¹,

Markham²,

Kreipe³

et al. 2010

Intl J Eating Disorders

238

219

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“…There is, however, no comparable internal pharyngeal reference. The radiographic shadow of the mandible is commonly used as a reference point in studies of human swallowing [1,2,4,5,12,14].…”

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The swallow is initiated while the liquid remains in the oral cavity or as it reaches the fauces. Once the oral stage is initiated, the pharyngeal stage follows in rapid sequence [1]. The sequence of events is quite different when a healthy young subject eats natural-size bite of solid food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volitional control of food transport and bolus formation during feeding

Palmer

Hiiemäe

Matsuo

et al. 2007

Physiology & Behavior

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When healthy individuals eat solid food, chewed food is usually transported to the oropharynx where it accumulates before swallowing (stage II transport). We tested the hypothesis that this transport process can be altered by volition. Eight healthy young subjects ate 8 g pieces of cookie with barium while movements were recorded with videofluorography. There were two trials for each subject, each with different instructions: 1) Without command: to eat the cookie in his/her usual manner; 2) With command: to chew the cookie, give a signal when ready to swallow, and then swallow on command of the investigator. We measured the number of chewing cycles, the duration of each stage in the feeding sequence, and the position of the leading edge of the barium at time of command and at swallow onset. Sequence duration was longer with than without command (P = 0.02), primarily because of an increase in the number of chewing cycles (P = 0.02). The leading edge was typically higher in the foodway at the time of swallow onset with than without command (P = 0.06). Under the command condition, stage II transport was delayed, and transport to the valleculae was inhibited. Volition alters swallow initiation in both the timing and location of the food bolus relative to the airway.

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“…The pharyngeal phase is involuntary, and involves palatal closure to prevent nasal reflux, bolus transport through the pharynx, glottal closure to prevent aspiration, and opening of the upper esophageal sphincter. In the final esophageal phase, peristalsis transports the bolus toward the stomach 2) . The motions of the anatomical structures involved in swallowing are complex and rapid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Parameter Settings in Cine-MR Imaging for Diagnosis of Swallowing

Ohkubo

Higaki

Nishikawa

et al. 2014

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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Videofluorography is frequently used to evaluate swallowing and is considered the "gold standard" among imaging modalities. This modality, however, has several disadvantages, including radiation exposure and limitations in the detection of soft tissues. Conversely, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers excellent contrast resolution in soft tissue without radiation exposure. A major drawback of MRI in evaluating swallowing, however, is that temporal resolution is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate a new cine-MRI modality. Imaging parameters were optimized and the efficacy of this new technique is discussed. Three techniques for speeding up MRI were combined: true fast imaging with steady state precession, generalized auto-calibrating partially parallel acquisition, and key-hole imaging. The effects of the receiver coils used, receiving bandwidth, slice thickness, and flip angle on each image were determined. The optimal imaging parameters obtained comprised a reduction factor of 2, receiving bandwidth of 1,000 Hz/pixel (repetition time of 151.7 milliseconds and echo time of 1.4 milliseconds), flip angle of 50°, and slice thickness of 6 mm. Neck and spine coils were used. Under these conditions, the new cine-MR imaging technique investigated showed a temporal resolution of 0.1 sec/slice (10 frames/sec). Even with optimized parameter settings, this technique did not allow a true temporal resolution of 30 frames/sec by a large margin. Motion artifacts persisted. Further study is needed on how to speed up this technique.

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Physiology and radiology of the normal oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing.

Cited by 455 publications

References 26 publications

Feeding and eating disorders in childhood

Feeding and eating disorders in childhood

Volitional control of food transport and bolus formation during feeding

Optimization of Parameter Settings in Cine-MR Imaging for Diagnosis of Swallowing

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