2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.03.017
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Physiology and pathophysiology of renal erythropoietin-producing cells

Abstract: Anemia is a common complication and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Whereas there has been a significant improvement of understanding the underlying mechanism of erythropoiesis, the treatment of renal anemia is still restricted to erythropoietin (EPO)-stimulating agents. The purpose of this article is to review the physiology of erythropoiesis, functional role of EPO and underlying molecular and cellular basis that regulate EPO production. Regulation o… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(71 citation statements)
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“…Renal erythropoietin-producing cells sense low tissue oxygen tension and respond by the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production [2]. CKD leads to a disruption of this process, erythropoietin deficiency and subsequent anemia, characterized by lower than normal number of circulating red blood cells or decreased levels of hemoglobin (Hgb) [3]. Other possible causes of anemia include blood loss, iron deficiency, inflammation and accumulation of uremic toxins [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Renal erythropoietin-producing cells sense low tissue oxygen tension and respond by the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production [2]. CKD leads to a disruption of this process, erythropoietin deficiency and subsequent anemia, characterized by lower than normal number of circulating red blood cells or decreased levels of hemoglobin (Hgb) [3]. Other possible causes of anemia include blood loss, iron deficiency, inflammation and accumulation of uremic toxins [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The single HRE found in the LIE is crucial for maximal EPO expression and is probably bound only by HIF-2 in accordance with HIF-2 binding to enhancers [15,17,[22][23][24]. Although some candidates for the kidney-specific HRE have been identified in vitro and in vivo, no definite consensus exists [24][25][26]. Of note, HIF1A knockdown does not suppress EPO expression in the three cell lines studied so far, namely, Hep3B, Kelly, and cortical astrocytes [23,27].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…EPO is an acidic glycoprotein containing sialic acid whose precursor has 193 amino acids. After post-translational processing, the active protein has 165 amino acids and is highly glycosylated (19,20). The serum EPO level in healthy individuals ranges from 15 to 25 U/L (21), and the oxygenation state of tissues regulates its production.…”
Section: Epo and Related Moleculesmentioning
confidence: 99%