Physiology and pathology of the cricothyroid muscle

Arnold, Godfrey E.

doi:10.1288/00005537-196107000-00002

Cited by 167 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Using radiography, it was shown that the visor is in a partly open neutral position during quiet respiration (Sonninen, 1956;Fink & Demarest , 1978) and the CT space became narrower with rising pitch (Moeller & Fisher, 1904) and wider with decreasing pitch (Vilkman et al, 1997). These findings were subsequently confirmed by others (Arnold, 1961;Ardran & Kemp, 1966;Harris, et al, 1998). However, Laukkanen et al (2002) demonstrated that the decrease in CT space was not linearly related to rising pitch.…”

Section: Vocal Pitch and The Cricothyroid Spacesupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Cinematographic and radiographic observations (Ranke & Lullies, 1953;Hollien, 1960;Fink, 1962), as well as electromyography (EMG) studies (Arnold, 1961;Yanagihara & von Leden, 1968;Hirano et al, 1969;Gay et al, 1972;Atkinson, 1978;Shipp et al, 1979;Roubeau et al, 1997;Kochis-Jennings et al, 2012), have all demonstrated that the CT muscle is the prime contributor to controlling F0 during phonation (Freedman, 1956;Hast, 1966;Yanagihara & von Leden, 1968;Haglund, 1973;Stone & Nuttall, 1974;Braund et al, 1988;Pešák, 2009). Further compounding the complexity of F0 control is the intrinsic complexity of the CT muscle itself.…”

Section: Muscular Control Of Fundamental Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It interacts with the CT in raising or lowering F0 (Shipp & McGlone, 1971;Shipp & Morrissey, 1977;Titze et al, 1989;Lindestad et al, 1991). Many EMG observations of the TA have indicated that its activity increases F0 despite its potential F0 lowering effect (Arnold, 1961;Hirano, et al, 1969;Gay, et al, 1972;Atkinson, 1978;Shipp, et al, 1979). The complex balance of CT and TA muscle activity (Larson et al, 1987) appears to be dependent on different parts of the range (Titze, 1993).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of the Cricothyroid Space with Vocal Range in Female Singers

Pullon

2017

Journal of Voice

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Section: Vocal Pitch and The Cricothyroid Spacesupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Muscular Control Of Fundamental Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of the Cricothyroid Space with Vocal Range in Female Singers

Pullon

2017

Journal of Voice

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“…The cricothyroid joints allow two types of motion: rotation around the frontal axis and horizontal sliding of the cricoid cartilage in the sagittal axis leading to posterior displacement of the arytenoids with lengthening and thinning of the vocal folds (51).…”

Section: Ebsln Function and Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery

Potenza¹,

Filho²,

Cernea³

2017

Gland Surg.

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“…As the rectus CT attaches the cricoid arch and the inferior margin of the thyroid cartilages, its contraction approaches both cartilages. This mechanical action leads to an increase in the relative distance between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages, thereby lengthening, tensing, and adducting the vocal folds, which are critical for vocal pitch elevation (Arnold, 1961). In contrast, the CT-o arises from the anterosuperior cricoid arch and inserts at the juncture between the thyroid lamina and inferior horn and onto the anterior surface of the inferior horn.…”

Section: Possible Functional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Newly Revealed Cricothyropharyngeus Muscle in the Human Laryngopharynx

Sanders

2008

The Anatomical Record

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Humans have a uniquely curved pharynx and tongue that is believed to have evolved for speech. The most inferior part of the pharynx consists of the laryngopharynx, the critical crossroad where swallowing, breathing, and phonation overlap. We hypothesized that the human laryngopharynx has unique neuromuscular specializations that may be speech related. Laryngopharynx specimens from 15 humans and 20 nonhuman mammals (dog, pig, rabbit, and rat) were studied. Microdissection revealed that only human specimens had a muscle originating from the anterior arch of the cricoid cartilage, and coursing between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeus muscles to insert into the median raphe at the posterior midline of the pharynx. On the basis of these anatomic features, we termed it the ''cricothyropharyngeus'' (CTP). The structure, innervation, and muscle fiber types of the human CTP were further investigated by histological methods, Sihler's stain, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) immunocytochemistry. The innervation and muscle fiber types of the CTP were found to differ from those of neighboring muscles. The laryngeal portion of the CTP was innervated by the external superior laryngeal nerve, whereas the pharyngeal portion of the muscle was supplied by the pharyngeal plexus. Most notable was that the CTP contained specialized muscle fibers expressing some unusual MHC isoforms (i.e., slow-tonic, a-cardiac, neonatal, and embryonic). In conclusion, the CTP appears to be a newly described and uniquely human muscle with characteristics suggesting a specialized function that may be speech related. Anat Rec, 291:927-938, 2008. 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: cricothyropharyngeus; laryngopharynx; innervation; MHC isoforms; fiber types; Sihler's stain; immunocytochemistry Laryngopharynx, the most inferior part of the pharynx, lies below the oropharynx and posterior to the larynx. It extends from the epiglottis superiorly down to the inferior border of the cricoid at C6. Laryngopharyngeal region is involved in important life-maintaining functions such as swallowing, respiration, and phonation. The muscles in this region have several special features. These features include that they are relatively small in size, organized into compartments, attached to the laryngeal cartilages (cricoid and thyroid cartilages), and innervated by different nerves (superior laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and

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Physiology and pathology of the cricothyroid muscle

Cited by 167 publications

References 39 publications

Relationship of the Cricothyroid Space with Vocal Range in Female Singers

Relationship of the Cricothyroid Space with Vocal Range in Female Singers

Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery

Newly Revealed Cricothyropharyngeus Muscle in the Human Laryngopharynx

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