Physiology and genetics of antibiotic production and resistance

Alderson, Grace; Ritchie, Donald A.; Cappellano, Carmela; Cool, Robbert H.; Ivanova, N.; Huddleston, A. S.; Flaxman, Christine S.; Krištůfek, Václav; Lounès, Anissa

doi:10.1016/0923-2508(93)90072-a

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Transcription of tuf1, presumably resulting in synthesis of the kirromycin-sensitive EF-Tu1, occurred during kirromycin production in both liquid and surface-grown cultures. These results support the assumption made by Van der Meide (34) and Vijgenboom et al (40) that kirromycin resistance in S. ramocissimus does not reflect alteration of the target protein EFTu1, as is the case for some other producers of kirromycin-like antibiotics (1,14).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Growth phase-dependent transcription of the Streptomyces ramocissimus tuf1 gene occurs from two promoters

et al. 1997

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The str operon of Streptomyces ramocissimus contains the genes for ribosomal proteins S12 (rpsL) and S7 (rpsG) and for the polypeptide chain elongation factors G (EF-G) (fus) and Tu (EF-Tu) (tuf). This kirromycin producer contains three tuf or tuf-like genes; tuf1 encodes the regular EF-Tu and is located immediately downstream of fus. In vivo and in vitro transcription analysis revealed a transcription start site directly upstream of S. ramocissimus tuf1, in addition to the operon promoter rpsLp. Transcription from these promoters appeared to be growth phase dependent, diminishing drastically upon entry into stationary phase and at the onset of production of the EF-Tu-targeted antibiotic kirromycin. In surface-grown cultures, a second round of tuf1 transcription, coinciding with aerial mycelium formation and kirromycin production, was observed. The tuf1-specific promoter (tuf1p) was located in the intercistronic region between fus and tuf1 by high-resolution S1 mapping, in vitro transcription, and in vivo promoter probing. During logarithmic growth, the tuf1p and rpsLp transcripts are present at comparable levels. In contrast to Escherichia coli, which has two almost identical tuf genes, the gram-positive S. ramocissimus contains only tuf1 for its regular EF-Tu. High levels of EF-Tu may therefore be achieved by the compensatory activity of tuf1p.The polypeptide chain elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), responsible for mediating the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the translating ribosome, is one of the most abundant proteins in the prokaryotic cell; in Escherichia coli, EF-Tu can constitute up to 10% of the total cellular protein under rapid growth conditions (35). Two unlinked, nearly identical copies of the tuf gene, which encodes EF-Tu, are present in E. coli (2,19,43) as well as in other gram-negative bacteria (13,29). This tuf gene duplication has been suggested to be required to maintain the high levels of EF-Tu during rapid growth (2). In contrast, most gram-positive bacteria contain only a single copy of tuf (13,29).The E. coli tufA and tufB genes contribute about equally to the total EF-Tu concentration and are regulated coordinately under most growth conditions (35). The tufA gene is the promoter-distal gene in the str or S12 operon (27), which also includes the genes for ribosomal proteins S12 (rpsL) and S7 (rpsG) and for EF-G (fus). This operon organization is typical of the major tuf gene in eubacteria (reference 11 and references therein) and some archaea (20). The str operon is expressed from a promoter upstream of rpsL, via a polycistronic mRNA (19). Furthermore, weak secondary promoters were reported within the coding region of the fus gene (3, 44-46), which are exclusively used for transcription of tufA. The tufB gene is cotranscribed with four upstream tRNA genes (21) and is processed into separate tRNAs and a tufB mRNA (33).The gram-positive streptomycetes are soil bacteria that undergo a complex process of morphological differentiation. The vegetative mycelium produces aerial hyphae which septate and...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Growth phase-dependent transcription of the Streptomyces ramocissimus tuf1 gene occurs from two promoters

et al. 1997

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“…Actinomycetes degrade recalcitrant (substances that are resistant to further biodegradation) like lignocelluloses (Crawford 1978) and other polymers in soil (Warren 1996;Jarerat & Tokiwa 2001). Actinomycetes are an important source of different antibiotics and enzymes due to their diverse metabolic activity (Alderson et al 1993). Actinomycetes multiply in the rhizosphere of different plants where they increase the growth of plants and protect the plants from phytopathogens (Doumbou et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of long-term application of buctril super (bromoxynil) herbicide on microbial population, enzymes activity, nitrate nitrogen, Olsen-P and total organic carbon in soil

Abbas

Akmal

Khan

et al. 2014

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

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“…Streptomyces are versatile producers of many secondary metabolites, including over two-thirds of all known antibiotics used in human medicine and in agriculture (1,2). These antibiotics are products of complex biosynthetic pathways, and their production occurs in a growth phase-dependent manner (4) generally coinciding with morphological differentiation on solid media.…”

Section: Members Of the Filamentous Gram-positive Bacterial Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Replacement Analysis of the Butyrolactone Autoregulator Receptor (FarA) Reveals that FarA Acts as a Novel Regulator in Secondary Metabolism ofStreptomyces lavendulaeFRI-5

2001

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IM-2 [(2R,3R,1R)-2-1-hydroxybutyl-3-hydroxymethyl ␥-butanolide]is a ␥-butyrolactone autoregulator which, in Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5, switches off the production of D-cycloserine but switches on the production of a blue pigment and several nucleoside antibiotics. To clarify the in vivo function of an IM-2-specific receptor (FarA) in the IM-2 signaling cascade of S. lavendulae FRI-5, a farA deletion mutant was constructed by means of homologous recombination. On several solid media, no significant difference in morphology was observed between the wild-type strain and the farA mutant (strain K104), which demonstrated that the IM-2-FarA system does not participate in the morphological control of S. lavendulae FRI-5. In liquid media, the farA mutant overproduced nucleoside antibiotics and produced blue pigment earlier than did the wild-type strain, suggesting that the FarA protein acts primarily as a negative regulator on the biosynthesis of these compounds in the absence of IM-2. However, contrary to the IM-2-dependent suppression of D-cycloserine production in the wild-type strain, overproduction of D-cycloserine was observed in the farA mutant, indicating for the first time that the presence of both IM-2 and intact FarA are necessary for the suppression of D-cycloserine biosynthesis.

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Physiology and genetics of antibiotic production and resistance

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Growth phase-dependent transcription of the Streptomyces ramocissimus tuf1 gene occurs from two promoters

Growth phase-dependent transcription of the Streptomyces ramocissimus tuf1 gene occurs from two promoters

Impacts of long-term application of buctril super (bromoxynil) herbicide on microbial population, enzymes activity, nitrate nitrogen, Olsen-P and total organic carbon in soil

Gene Replacement Analysis of the Butyrolactone Autoregulator Receptor (FarA) Reveals that FarA Acts as a Novel Regulator in Secondary Metabolism ofStreptomyces lavendulaeFRI-5

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