PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: The current status of heat shock in early embryonic survival and reproductive efficiency1,2

Cushman, Robert A.

doi:10.2527/jas.2013-6231

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The open rate is significantly lower at 8.9°C than for temperatures above 15.5 degrees and below negative 1.1 degrees. These results provide field evidence for the heat-sensitivity finding of Cushman (2013) and support the relationship between cooler temperatures and onset of estrus examined by Dutt and Bush (1955) . The twinning rate appears to peak near 8.9°C, whereas the single rate appears to hold steady across the 4 to 16 degree range, and the triplet rate decreases gradually at higher minimum temperatures.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The accumulation of heat shock proteins ( HSP ) may counteract damage to oocytes from heat stress. Cushman (2013) summarizes some of the research done with HSP in cattle and states that they may have positive impacts on calving rates in some breeds of cattle. In a human study, Santoro et al (1989) found that two types of prostaglandins suppressed erythroleukemia cells and induced the synthesis of HSP’s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal dose of PG600 when given to progestogen-synchronized ewes during anestrus as affected by day of the year and temperature1

Cross

Stormshak

2018

Translational Animal Science

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The objective of this long-term study was to improve the out-of-season breeding rates for ewes by examining effectiveness of dose levels of PG600, a combination of 80-IU/mL pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and 40-IU/mL human chorionic gonadotropin. Each week, during the anestrous season from 1998 through 2016, mature ewes were inserted with 1 of 2 progestogen devices. After 9 to 13 d, at removal of the device, ewes were injected intramuscularly with a specific dose of PG600. A total of 1,402 ewes were treated in this study, with weekly treatment groups ranging from 3 to 12 ewes. Ewes were assigned randomly in equal numbers to 1 of 2 ram pens with one fertile ram in each pen. Rams were fitted with a marking harness. Between 36 and 48 h after removal of the device, rams were switched. Ewes were checked for crayon marks (indicative of estrus) at 36, 48, and 96 h after removal of synchronizing devices. Rams were removed after 1 wk. Pregnancy status was diagnosed at 90 d of gestation using radiography and verified at 120 d or at lambing. To explore the impact of dose level, daylight, and temperature on pregnancy rate, we formulated an ordered multinomial probit model. The model controls statistically for dose level, synchronization device type, device reuse, and natural variation in minimum daily temperature and day of the year (DOY). Predicted pregnancy rate and type of birth at 90 d of gestation were significantly affected by DOY and temperature as well as dose level. Both observed and predicted pregnancy rates were higher for PG600 dose levels between 2.00 and 3.50 mL than for those below 2.00 mL or above 3.99 mL. By giving optimal amounts of PG600 to anestrous ewes, producers will have a greater number of pregnant ewes at lambing during the out-of-season lambing time.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal dose of PG600 when given to progestogen-synchronized ewes during anestrus as affected by day of the year and temperature1

Cross

Stormshak

2018

Translational Animal Science

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“…Stress proteins are assorted into families depending on their molecular weight and provide two main functions: primarily as a molecular chaperone having key roles in folding/unfolding of proteins and secondarily as a stabilizer factor from deteriorating proteins contributing in the protection of cells against stress/apoptosis, granting an opportunity for rehabilitation or degradation in the cells suffering from cellular stress [12]. Some activities of HSP70 include folding, unfolding, transport, and localization of proteins and differentiation and regulation of the embryonic cell cycle [13]. Hence, the piling up of HSPs has long been considered a sign of cellular damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Gene Expression and Developmental Competence of Bovine Embryos Produced Under Different Conditions of Heat Stress

Mahdy¹,

Pavani²,

Baron³

et al. 2017

Trends and Advances in Veterinary Genetics

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Gene expression is required in all steps of embryonic development and therefore heat stress is known to reduce developmental competence after direct exposure of oocytes and embryos to different conditions of heat shock, by decreasing protein synthesis. Moreover, as in somatic cells, the heat stress befuddles the integration of RNA and posttranscriptional modification of RNA, the assumption was that during meiotic maturation heat shock may mutate RNA within oocytes, with the possibility of altering the surrounding cumulus cells, causing, thus, reductions in development. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are among the first proteins produced during embryonic development and are crucial to cell function. The HSP70 (HSPA14 gene) is an important part of the cell's machinery for folding, unfolding, transport, localization of proteins and differentiation, regulation of the embryonic cell cycle and helping to protect cells from stress. Therefore, HSPA14 is an apoptotic gene induced by heat shock is associated with embryonic loss, playing an important role of control mechanism of processes involved in growth, cellular differentiation, and embryonic development. In addition the connexin proteins (e.g. Cx43), related to gap junctions, are expressed in numerous tissues including gonads, act as a mediator of heat stress effect on cells. In the present review, the effect of heat stress on bovine embryonic development in a physiologic and genetic point of view is fully discussed.

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“…In Holstein cows, differences in HSP40 genes have been reported which can be attributed to the improved early embryonic development In vitro, indicating that these proteins may have a greater role in reproductive efficiency, even in animals that are not adapted to the tropical environment conditions. 79 The reproductive performance difference has been identified in Bos indicus breeds which have been associated with polymorphism in HSP70. 75,79 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…79 The reproductive performance difference has been identified in Bos indicus breeds which have been associated with polymorphism in HSP70. 75,79 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress

PR¹

2017

JDVAR

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The present review is an attempt to signify the importance of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation during heat stress. The cellular and molecular responses in livestock are very crucial as it may lead to identification of confirmatory biomarker for heat stress in livestock. Thermo-tolerant gene expression and elevated heat shock protein (HSP) levels are observed to be the ultimate response through which the cell survives the heat stress. The HSPs have chaperonic activity ensuring the folding, unfolding and refolding of stress-denatured proteins. The components of heat shock response include heat shock factors (HSFs), heat shock element (HSE) and HSP. The cellular response to heat stress in mammalian organisms is controlled at the transcription level and it is mediated by a family of HSF which are regulated by the corresponding HSF genes. The activated HSFs bind with the HSE in the promoter region of HSP genes culminating in enhanced transcription of HSP mRNA. The HSP70, HSP90 and HSP27 are the predominant HSPs having protective role during heat stress in farm animals. Among these HSPs studied, HSP70 was identified to be the ideal biological marker for quantifying heat stress in animals.Keywords: heat stress, heat shock factors, heat shock response, hsp70, livestock Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research Review Article Open AccessRole of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation to heat stress the latter as it is harder to find an environment with a single variable changing. However, both these mechanisms are phenotypic responses as it is induced by the environment and the response goes once the stress is removed. It is usually produced to improve the fitness of the animal to the environment. Animals develop specific adaptive mechanisms if the environment stressors are present for a prolonged period. The mechanisms of adaptation include morphological, behavioural, biochemical and physiological changes. Biochemical adaptation to thermal stress involves changes in proteins, membrane lipids and metabolic rate.7 Genetic markers are of prior importance in the recent revolutionary developments in the field of molecular technology because of its viability as the biochemical adaptation can be utilized in livestock breeding programs compared to the behavioral, morphological or physiological responses to stress which is of less relevance. Heat shock protein is an important biomarker produced as cellular and tissue defense mechanism whose expression is markedly increased during heat shock. 8 The present review is an attempt to signify the importance of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation during HS. General cellular responses to heat stressCellular exposure to thermal stress induces a number of anomalies in the functioning of cells which alters the biological molecules, disturbs cell functions, modulates metabolic reactions, induces oxidative cell damage and activates both apoptosis and necrosis pathways, ultimately leading to cell survival, acclimation or cell death depending on the time and...

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PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: The current status of heat shock in early embryonic survival and reproductive efficiency1,2

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Optimal dose of PG600 when given to progestogen-synchronized ewes during anestrus as affected by day of the year and temperature1

Optimal dose of PG600 when given to progestogen-synchronized ewes during anestrus as affected by day of the year and temperature1

Studies on Gene Expression and Developmental Competence of Bovine Embryos Produced Under Different Conditions of Heat Stress

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress

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