Physiologische und molekulare Mechanismen der Wirkung von körperlicher Aktivität auf das Krebsrisiko und den Verlauf einer Krebserkrankung

Physical activity reduces many major mortality risk factors including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. All-cause mortality is decreased by about 30% to 35% in physically active as compared to inactive subjects. The purpose of this paper was to synthesize the literature on life expectancy in relation to physical activity. A systematic PubMed search on life expectancy in physically active and inactive individuals was performed. In addition, articles comparing life expectancy of athletes compared to that of nonathletes were reviewed. Results of 13 studies describing eight different cohorts suggest that regular physical activity is associated with an increase of life expectancy by 0.4 to 6.9 years. Eleven studies included confounding risk factors for mortality and revealed an increase in life expectancy by 0.4 to 4.2 years with regular physical activity. Eleven case control studies on life expectancy in former athletes revealed consistently greater life expectancy in aerobic endurance athletes but inconsistent results for other athletes. None of these studies considered confounding risk factors for mortality. In conclusion, while regular physical activity increases life expectancy, it remains unclear if high-intensity sports activities further increase life expectancy.

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“…In addition, the risk of colon [3, 5], breast [4, 5], and possibly endometrial, lung, and pancreatic cancer is reduced [5] (Table 2). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Physical Activity Increase Life Expectancy? A Review of the Literature

Reimers

Knapp

Reimers

2012

Journal of Aging Research

143

106

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“…Volume 04 Issue 8, 2020 superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, known for their protective effects against oxidative DNA damage and carcinogenesis 87,88 . Moreover, physical activity affects the metabolic profile of estrogens which results in reduced hormonal activity and increased anti-proliferative properties in cancer cells 89 . Regular physical activity is associated with a lower risk of most common malignancies, including lung, breast, hepatobiliary tract, endometrial, colon, oropharyngeal, kidney, and bladder cancers [89][90][91] .…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, physical activity affects the metabolic profile of estrogens which results in reduced hormonal activity and increased anti-proliferative properties in cancer cells 89 . Regular physical activity is associated with a lower risk of most common malignancies, including lung, breast, hepatobiliary tract, endometrial, colon, oropharyngeal, kidney, and bladder cancers [89][90][91] . For example, physically active men and women were found to have about a 30%-40% reduction in the relative risk of developing colon cancer compared to their inactive peers.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, weight status, and physical activity in cancer prevention

Mehdad

Mansour

Ashayeri

et al. 2020

Nor. Afr. J. Food Nutr. Res.

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Background: Cancer is a multifactorial disease involving individual, behavioral and environmental factors that can contribute to its onset. More than 40% of cancers are estimated to be attributable to avoidable risk factors, particularly diet, physical activity, weight status, and alcohol consumption. Aim: To provide insight into the role of weight status, diet, and physical activity in cancer causation and prevention, and to highlight evidence-based recommendations. Material and methods: A literature review of published studies, particularly recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and large prospective studies was conducted using PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. Results: There is evidence that diets high in red and processed meats, fat and refined carbohydrates, and low in plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, high consumption of alcohol, overweight/obesity, and physical inactivity are associated with increased risk of tumor development and progression. Therefore, the current recommendations for cancer prevention are based on: (1) eating at least five portions (400g) of vegetables (3 portions) and fruits (2 portions); (2) limiting the consumption of alcohol and unhealthy foods such as red and processed meats, energy-dense foods, and trans-fatty acids; (3) maintaining a healthy weight status; and (4) being at least moderately physically active. Conclusion: While a balanced diet, as defined by the recommendations, can help reduce the risk of certain cancers, no single food can prevent the development of this pathology. The term "anticancer" associated with diet is therefore misleading. Several nutritional factors are associated with an increase or a decrease in the risk of certain cancers. Adopting a healthy and plant-based diets, avoiding overweight/obesity, and being physically active are considered as cornerstones of preventive strategies against cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the associations between dietary and lifestyle patterns and cancer. Keywords: Cancer, Diet, Weight status, Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity.

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“…Moreover, many chronic conditions are believed to be attributable to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Physical activity has been hypothesized to influence thyroid cancer risk through several mechanisms [94], for example, by improving endogenous DNA repair capacity, reducing body fat, lowering insulin resistance, and altering circulating inflammatory factors [95–97]. In two case-control studies, the risk of thyroid cancer was slightly reduced among subjects who reported recreational physical activity; whereas weekly frequency (hours/week) seemed to be more relevant than duration (years) in reducing risk [98].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Thyroid Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Factors Related to the Thyroid Cancer Epidemic

Liu

Xiao

2017

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, of which the incidence has dramatically increased worldwide in the past few decades. The reasons for the observed rapid increase still are not fully understood, but evidence suggests that overdiagnosis, with the advancement in detection methods and screening policies, is not the sole driver of the substantial increase of the incidence. However, the effect of environmental/lifestyle factors remains speculative other than that of radiation exposure at a young age. This review tries to give a balanced view of debated factors leading to the thyroid cancer epidemic, to offer some alternatives in understanding the controversies, and to suggest potential directions in the search of modifiable risk factors to help reduce thyroid cancer.

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Physiologische und molekulare Mechanismen der Wirkung von körperlicher Aktivität auf das Krebsrisiko und den Verlauf einer Krebserkrankung

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Does Physical Activity Increase Life Expectancy? A Review of the Literature

Does Physical Activity Increase Life Expectancy? A Review of the Literature

Diet, weight status, and physical activity in cancer prevention

Review of Factors Related to the Thyroid Cancer Epidemic

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