Physiological variability in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and released from faeces due to nutrition and somatic growth in a standardized caprine animal model

Fischer, Sina; Trefz, Phillip; Bergmann, Andreas; Steffens, Markus; Ziller, Mario; Miekisch, Wolfram; Schubert, Jochen K.; Köhler, Heike; Reinhold, Petra

doi:10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/027108

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Shortening the innovation cycle brings new technology to medical research in the area of VOCs [217,218]. The process is further facilitated by studies in other species that help in our understanding of the factors in physiological variability [219][220][221], which are also aided by active research in the field of infective agents [222,223].…”

Section: Priorities For Technical Research On Exhaled Volatile Organimentioning

confidence: 99%

A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease

et al. 2017

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Breath tests cover the fraction of nitric oxide in expired gas (), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), variables in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and other measurements. For EBC and for , official recommendations for standardised procedures are more than 10 years old and there is none for exhaled VOCs and particles. The aim of this document is to provide technical standards and recommendations for sample collection and analytic approaches and to highlight future research priorities in the field. For EBC and, new developments and advances in technology have been evaluated in the current document. This report is not intended to provide clinical guidance on disease diagnosis and management.Clinicians and researchers with expertise in exhaled biomarkers were invited to participate. Published studies regarding methodology of breath tests were selected, discussed and evaluated in a consensus-based manner by the Task Force members.Recommendations for standardisation of sampling, analysing and reporting of data and suggestions for research to cover gaps in the evidence have been created and summarised.Application of breath biomarker measurement in a standardised manner will provide comparable results, thereby facilitating the potential use of these biomarkers in clinical practice.

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Section: Priorities For Technical Research On Exhaled Volatile Organimentioning

confidence: 99%

A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease

et al. 2017

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“…The microbiome contributes to the architecture and function of tissues, host energy metabolism, and also plays an important role in the balance between health and disease as demonstrated recently for intracellular protozoa (Yilmaz et al, 2014 ; Bär et al, 2015 ). In vertebrates, semiochemicals can be generated by the activity of the microbiota upon amino acids, short chain fatty acids or hormones secreted in body emissions, such as sweat, tears, sebum, saliva, breath, urine, and feces (Amann et al, 2014 ; Fischer et al, 2015 ). This volatile repertoire is of paramount importance with evidence that they can direct host-vector specificity (Smallegange et al, 2011 ; Davis et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Microbiota Role In Tick Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus-Host Interface: A Review of Resistant and Susceptible Host Responses

Tabor

Ali

Rehman

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

102

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Ticks are able to transmit tick-borne infectious agents to vertebrate hosts which cause major constraints to public and livestock health. The costs associated with mortality, relapse, treatments, and decreased production yields are economically significant. Ticks adapted to a hematophagous existence after the vertebrate hemostatic system evolved into a multi-layered defense system against foreign invasion (pathogens and ectoparasites), blood loss, and immune responses. Subsequently, ticks evolved by developing an ability to suppress the vertebrate host immune system with a devastating impact particularly for exotic and crossbred cattle. Host genetics defines the immune responsiveness against ticks and tick-borne pathogens. To gain an insight into the naturally acquired resistant and susceptible cattle breed against ticks, studies have been conducted comparing the incidence of tick infestation on bovine hosts from divergent genetic backgrounds. It is well-documented that purebred and crossbred Bos taurus indicus cattle are more resistant to ticks and tick-borne pathogens compared to purebred European Bos taurus taurus cattle. Genetic studies identifying Quantitative Trait Loci markers using microsatellites and SNPs have been inconsistent with very low percentages relating phenotypic variation with tick infestation. Several skin gene expression and immunological studies have been undertaken using different breeds, different samples (peripheral blood, skin with tick feeding), infestation protocols and geographic environments. Susceptible breeds were commonly found to be associated with the increased expression of toll like receptors, MHC Class II, calcium binding proteins, and complement factors with an increased presence of neutrophils in the skin following tick feeding. Resistant breeds had higher levels of T cells present in the skin prior to tick infestation and thus seem to respond to ticks more efficiently. The skin of resistant breeds also contained higher numbers of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils with up-regulated proteases, cathepsins, keratins, collagens and extracellular matrix proteins in response to feeding ticks. Here we review immunological and molecular determinants that explore the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus-host resistance phenomenon as well as contemplating new insights and future directions to study tick resistance and susceptibility, in order to facilitate interventions for tick control.

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“…The potential of VOCs in urine, breath and blood samples to be biomarkers for an array of diseases could be demonstrated [35,39]. However, VOCs are affected by physiological factors such as dietary and smoking habits, infections, and benign diseases [40], which GCMS cannot detect all or even nearly all chemicals present [14], nor clarify the exact chemical compounds and/or their combinations. Combining this dog-based study with instrument-based research would be mutually bene cial for further analysis [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Detection From a Urine Sample by Dog Sniffing

Kure

Iida

Yamada

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that dog can sniff and detect cancer in the breath or urine sample of a patient. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess whether the trained dog can detect breast cancer from urine samples.Methods: A nine-year-old female Labrador Retriever was trained to identify cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. Urine samples from patients histologically diagnosed with primary breast cancer, those with non-breast malignant diseases, and healthy volunteers were obtained, and a double-blind test was performed. Results: 40 patients with breast cancer, 142 patients with non-breast malignant diseases, and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and their urine samples were collected. In 40 times out of 40 runs of a double-blind test, the trained dog could correctly identify urine samples of breast cancer patients. Sensitivity and specificity of this breast cancer detection method using dog sniffing were both 100%.Conclusions: The trained dog in this study could accurately detect breast cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. These results indicate the feasibility of a method to detect breast cancer from urine samples using dog sniffing in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

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Physiological variability in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and released from faeces due to nutrition and somatic growth in a standardized caprine animal model

Abstract: The relating poster was honoured with the 1. Prize (best scientific poster presentation).Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease

A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease

Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus-Host Interface: A Review of Resistant and Susceptible Host Responses

Breast Cancer Detection From a Urine Sample by Dog Sniffing

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