Physiological synaptic signals initiate sequential spikes at soma of cortical pyramidal neurons

Ge, Rongjing; Hao, Qian; Wang, Jinhui

doi:10.1186/1756-6606-4-19

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Membrane depolarization signals in vivo are long time, whose patterns are generally classified into steady and fluctuated pulses [15]. The action potentials can be evoked at various subcellular compartments, such as axonal hillock, soma and/or dendrite [2,3,11-13,15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As long-time steady pulses are a major portion of in vivo signals [15], a somatic origin to fire sequential spikes is physiologically important. One could argue that the smaller axonal volume than somatic one plus the higher density of axonal VGSCs may enable the depolarization to bring denser positive charges into the axon that facilitates the axons to reach a threshold and produce the first spike ahead of the soma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of axonal blebs rather than dendritical bleb was based on the diameter and branches of processes as well as the polarity of neurons [13,15]. Neuronal processes with less branches and fine diameter are axon.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Input-dependent subcellular localization of spike initiation between soma and axon at cortical pyramidal neurons

Hao

Chen

et al. 2014

Mol Brain

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BackgroundAction potentials can be initiated at various subcellular compartments, such as axonal hillock, soma and dendrite. Mechanisms and physiological impacts for this relocation remain elusive, which may rely on input signal patterns and intrinsic properties in these subcellular compartments. We examined this hypothesis at the soma and axon of cortical pyramidal neurons by analyzing their spike capability and voltage-gated sodium channel dynamics in response to different input signals.ResultsElectrophysiological recordings were simultaneously conducted at the somata and axons of identical pyramidal neurons in the cortical slices. The somata dominantly produced sequential spikes in response to long-time steady depolarization pulse, and the axons produced more spikes in response to fluctuated pulse. Compared with the axons, the somata possessed lower spike threshold and shorter refractory periods in response to long-time steady depolarization, and somatic voltage-gated sodium channels demonstrated less inactivation and easier reactivation in response to steady depolarization. Based on local VGSC dynamics, computational simulated spike initiation locations were consistent with those from the experiments. In terms of physiological impact, this input-dependent plasticity of spike initiation location made neuronal encoding to be efficient.ConclusionsLong-time steady depolarization primarily induces somatic spikes and short-time pulses induce axonal spikes. The input signal patterns influence spike initiations at the axon or soma of cortical pyramidal neurons through modulating local voltage-gated sodium channel dynamics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Input-dependent subcellular localization of spike initiation between soma and axon at cortical pyramidal neurons

Hao

Chen

et al. 2014

Mol Brain

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“…The spike waveforms were dissociated in the ascending phase of the action potential by measuring the slope (dv/dt) of each spike within an interval of 0.2 ms. This computation allowed us to separate the regular-spiking cells from the fast-spiking cells [15,16]. Polar plots to calculate the bandwidth of each cell were constructed on the basis of its response at all orientations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation-induced plasticity and spike waveforms in cat visual cortex

Bachatene¹,

Bharmauria²,

Rouat³

et al. 2012

NeuroReport

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Orientation-selective neurons shift their preferred orientation after being adapted to a nonpreferred orientation. These shifts of the peaks of tuning curves may be in the attractive or repulsive direction in relation to the adapter orientation. In anaesthetized cats we recorded evoked electrical responses from the visual cortex in a conventional fashion. The recorded spikes in cortex may present two typical waveforms: regular spikes or fast spikes. However, there is no evidence whether the shapes of spikes are related to the attractive or repulsive shifts of orientation tuning curves of cells. Our results show that after adaptation the recorded cells with both attractive and repulsive shifts display one or the other shape of spike. However, the magnitude of shifts is systematically higher for regular spikes, which is attributed to putative pyramidal cells, while tuning curves for fast spikes have smaller magnitudes and are evoked by putative interneurons.

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“…An output bandwidth of this amplifier was set at 3 kHz [63]. The pipette solution to record excitatory activities included (mM) 150 K-gluconate, 5 NaCl, 5 HEPES, 0.4 EGTA, 4 Mg-ATP, 0.5 Tris-GTP, and 5 phosphocreatine (pH 7.35; [70, 71]). The solution to study inhibitory synapses contained (mM) 130 K-gluconate, 20 KCl, 5 NaCl, 5 HEPES, 0.5 EGTA, 4 Mg-ATP, 0.5 Tris–GTP and 5 phosphocreatine (pH 7.35; [46]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoid Induces Incoordination between Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons in the Amygdala

et al. 2016

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BackgroundStressful life leads to mood disorders. Chronic mild stress is presumably major etiology for depression, and acute severe stress leads to anxiety. These stressful situations may impair hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and in turn induce synapse dysfunction. However, it remains elusive how the stress hormones mess up subcellular compartments and interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, which we have investigated in mouse amygdala, a structure related to emotional states.Methods and ResultsDexamethasone was chronically given by intraperitoneal injection once a day for one week or was acutely washed into the brain slices. The neuronal spikes and synaptic transmission were recorded by whole-cell patching in amygdala neurons of brain slices. The chronic or acute administration of dexamethasone downregulates glutamate release as well as upregulates GABA release and GABAergic neuron spiking. The chronic administration of dexamethasone also enhances the responsiveness of GABA receptors.ConclusionThe upregulation of GABAergic neurons and the downregulation of glutamatergic neurons by glucocorticoid impair their balance in the amygdala, which leads to emotional disorders during stress.

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Physiological synaptic signals initiate sequential spikes at soma of cortical pyramidal neurons

Cited by 43 publications

References 56 publications

Input-dependent subcellular localization of spike initiation between soma and axon at cortical pyramidal neurons

Input-dependent subcellular localization of spike initiation between soma and axon at cortical pyramidal neurons

Adaptation-induced plasticity and spike waveforms in cat visual cortex

Glucocorticoid Induces Incoordination between Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons in the Amygdala

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