Physiological, subjective and reinforcing effects of oral and intravenous cocaine in humans

Smith, Bonnie G.; Jones, Hendrée E.; Griffiths, Roland R.

doi:10.1007/s002130100740

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Multiple-Choice Form, indicating that participants were willing to pay money to receive the drug again. These results are consistent with previous studies which used the multiple-choice procedure (Jones et al, 1999;Smith et al, 2001) and other measures of reinforcer efficacy to demonstrate the reinforcing effects of cocaine via intravenous, smoking, and intranasal routes of administration in humans (Foltin and Fischman, 1992;Hatsukami et al, 1994;Higgins et al, 1994a).…”

Section: Effects Of Intravenous Cocainesupporting

confidence: 91%

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Sobel

Sigmon

Griffiths

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of transdermal nicotine maintenance on the subjective, reinforcing, and cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine were examined using double-blind procedures in nine volunteers with histories of using tobacco, caffeine, and cocaine. Each participant was exposed to two chronic drug maintenance phases (21 mg/day nicotine transdermal patch and placebo transdermal patch). Within each drug phase, the participant received intravenous injections of placebo, cocaine (15 and 30 mg/70 kg), caffeine (200 and 400 mg/70 kg), and nicotine (1.0 and 2.0 mg/70 kg) in mixed order across days. Subjective and cardiovascular data were collected before and repeatedly after drug or placebo injection. Reinforcing effects were also assessed after each injection with a Drug vs Money Multiple-Choice Form. Intravenous cocaine produced robust dose-related increases in subjective and reinforcing effects; these effects were not altered by nicotine maintenance. Intravenous caffeine produced elevations on several subjective ratings; nicotine maintenance did not affect these ratings. Under the placebo maintenance condition, intravenous nicotine produced robust dose-related subjective effects, with maximal increases similar to the high dose of cocaine; nicotine maintenance significantly decreased the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous nicotine. The results of the present study demonstrate that chronic nicotine maintenance produces tolerance to the effects of intravenous nicotine, but does not affect the subjective or reinforcing effects of cocaine or caffeine.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Intravenous Cocainesupporting

confidence: 91%

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Sobel

Sigmon

Griffiths

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is understood, that the peripheral autonomic activation, which coincides with the acute cocaine 'high' experienced by humans (Smith et al, 2001), is not mimicked with the ICV route of administration. Nevertheless, the present imaging methods can be used to design experiments to determine differences in cocaine-induced brain activation between naive and cocaine pre-exposed animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging cocaine-induced changes in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system of conscious rats

Febo

Segarra

Tenney

et al. 2004

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess the effects of cocaine on brain activation in fully conscious rats. Methods were developed to image cocaine-induced changes in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal without the peripheral cardiac and respiratory complications associated with psychostimulant administration. Using spin echo planar imaging (EPI), conscious rats were imaged in a 4.7 T spectrometer prior to and following the intracerebroventricular injection of cocaine (20 microg) in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (10 uL). Within 5 min of injection, there was a significant increase in BOLD signal intensity in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum and prefrontal cortex, as compared to vehicle controls. Minimal negative BOLD signal changes were observed in response to cocaine and no significant perturbations in normal cardiovascular and respiratory function. These findings demonstrate the technical feasibility of studying psychostimulant-induced brain activity using functional MRI in conscious rats.

show abstract

“…The monetary values on the form ranged from -$20.00 to $20.00 and the intervals between values were symmetrical for the positive and negative values (cf. Smith et al 2001). The data from the Multiple-Choice Form are presented as the maximum dollar amount at which participants chose drug over money.…”

Section: Drug Versus Money Multiple-choice Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That amount is defined as the "crossover" point. Before beginning the study, two practice sessions using procedures previously described (Smith et al 2001) were conducted to train the participants in completing the Multiple-Choice Form. The practice session was repeated again the following day to ensure understanding of the procedure.…”

Section: Drug Versus Money Multiple-choice Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral caffeine maintenance potentiates the reinforcing and stimulant subjective effects of intravenous nicotine in cigarette smokers

Jones

Griffiths

2003

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Physiological, subjective and reinforcing effects of oral and intravenous cocaine in humans

Abstract: Overall, the results of this study support qualitatively similar effects of oral and IV cocaine and suggest that oral cocaine may be an effective tool for studying cocaine's effects in human laboratory studies.

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Transdermal Nicotine Maintenance Attenuates the Subjective and Reinforcing Effects of Intravenous Nicotine, but not Cocaine or Caffeine, in Cigarette-Smoking Stimulant Abusers

Imaging cocaine-induced changes in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system of conscious rats

Oral caffeine maintenance potentiates the reinforcing and stimulant subjective effects of intravenous nicotine in cigarette smokers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About