Physiological studies of canine sympathetic ganglia and cardiac nerves

McGill, Michael P.; Hopkins, David A.; Armour, J. Andrew

doi:10.1016/0165-1838(82)90048-0

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Hopkins 198 1 ; McGill et al 1982) are located. Other neurons were activated by gentle mechanical distortion of various regions of the skin, thoracic wall, or adjacent mediastinum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, sympathetic efferent postganglisnic neurons projecting axons to the skin s f the thorax or upper limb are located primarily throughout the caudal two-thirds of the stellate ganglion (Hopkins and Amour 1984). In addition, interneurons have been hypothesized to exist in stellate (Bosnjak and Kampine 1985;Brandys et al 1984;McGill et al 1982) and middle cervical ganglia (MCG) (Amour 1985;Brandys et al 1984;McGlll et al 1982), as well as other sympathetic ganglia (BeCastro 1932;Dector and Weerns 198 1;Libet 1979;Weems and Szurszewski 1978;Williams 1967). Thus, a number of different types of neurons are thought to be present in the stellate ganglion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Since sympathetic efferent postganglionic neurons which project axons into ipsilateral cardiopulmonary nerves (Amour and Hopkins 198 1) and the heart (Hopkins and Amour 1984) are located primarily in the cranial medial region of the stellate ganglia, and since compound action potentials are generated in ipsilateral cardiopulmonary nerves only when the cranial medial region of an acutely decentralized stellate ganglion is stimulated following the administration sf hexarnethonium (McGill et al 1982), it has been hypothesized that the majority of sympathetic efferent pstganglisnic neurons which innervate the canine heart located in the stellate ganglion are in its cranial medial '~u~~o r t e d by a Medical Research Council of Canada program grant (PG-18) and a Nova Scotia Heart Foundation grant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity of in situ stellate ganglion neurons of dogs recorded extracellularly

Armour¹

1986

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Activity was recorded from 145 neurons in the in situ stellate ganglia of 36 dogs. The activity of 28 of these neurons, most of them located in the ganglia's cranial medial region, was related to the cardiac cycle primarily during systole. The activity of 16 of these cardiovascular-related neurons was modified by gentle mechanical distortion of the superior vena cava (1), heart (4), or thoracic aorta (11). Forty-one of the neurons were modified by respiration, with 17 being phase-locked to the respiratory cycle. Other neurons were activated by gentle mechanical distortion of localized regions of the thoracic wall (21% of all neurons), neck (18%), skin of the left foreleg (10%), or the mediastinum adjacent to the stellate ganglion (3%). Acutely decentralizing the stellate ganglion abolished the spontaneous activity of some, but not all, of these neurons including the respiratory or cardiovascular-related neurons. In the intact or acutely decentralized stellate ganglion, few neurons were activated by single short duration (1-4 ms) stimuli delivered to nerves attached directly or indirectly to the ganglion; however, most were activated by brief high frequency stimuli delivered in trains of 20-200 ms, or by single stimuli lasting 20-200 ms. As most cardiovascular, respiratory, or neck-related neurons in the stellate ganglion were not activated by single brief stimuli delivered to the cardiopulmonary nerves or vagosympathetic trunks, presumably they did not project their axons into the neck or thoracic organs. Thus, they were considered to be interneurons. It is postulated that interneurons in stellate ganglia can be modified by afferent receptors located in tissues of the neck, lungs, heart, or great thoracic vessels, whether the ganglion is intact or acutely decentralized. In addition, neurons in the stellate ganglion can be modified by mechanoreceptors located in the thoracic wall, abdominal wall, foreleg, or adjacent mediastinum. The majority of these neurons are activated by trains of impulses rather than single short duration impulses.

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“…Hopkins 198 1 ; McGill et al 1982) are located. Other neurons were activated by gentle mechanical distortion of various regions of the skin, thoracic wall, or adjacent mediastinum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activity of in situ stellate ganglion neurons of dogs recorded extracellularly

Armour¹

1986

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Localization of sympathetic postganglionic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons which innervate different regions of the dog heart

Hopkins

Armour

1984

J of Comparative Neurology

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The locations of sympathetic postganglionic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons projecting to the heart have not yet been clearly established. Therefore, aliquots of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were injected into specific regions of the heart, intraventricular cavity, pericardial sac, aortic arch, and the skin in 27 dogs. Following injections into the heart, aorta, or pericardial sac, retrogradely labeled neurons were present in the greatest numbers in the middle cervical ganglia bilaterally. Labeled neurons were located in the cranial poles of the stellate ganglia bilaterally and occasionally in the superior cervical ganglia. Labeled cells were also found in small ganglia located along cardiopulmonary nerves. Injections of HRP into specific areas of the heart did not result in labeling of cells in specific loci of the thoracic or cervical sympathetic ganglia. When the ansae were cut on one side, no labeled cells were found in the ipsilateral stellate ganglion or upper thoracic chain. Following injections into the skin of the left elbow or left cranial nipple, labeled cells were found in the stellate ganglia and the sympathetic chain and in one case in the middle cervical ganglion as well. These data suggest that postganglionic sympathetic neurons which project efferent axons to a specific cardiac region are not located in a specific region of a sympathetic ganglion or a specific sympathetic ganglion. Rather, neurons in one region of a sympathetic ganglion project axons to widespread areas of the myocardium. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons in the stellate ganglion or sympathetic chain project their axons to the heart via the subclavian ansae or interganglionic nerves, not via nerves arising directly from the sympathetic chain. Small numbers of labeled neurons were found in the medulla oblongata, thus indicating that in comparison to sympathetic postganglionic neurons relatively few preganglionic parasympathetic neurons project directly to the heart. When labeled cells were present in the medulla, the majority were located in the ventrolateral nucleus ambiguus.

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Development of Autonomic Innervation in Mammalian Myocardium

Cohen¹

1986

Developmental Neurobiology of the Autonomic Nervous System

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Physiological studies of canine sympathetic ganglia and cardiac nerves

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Activity of in situ stellate ganglion neurons of dogs recorded extracellularly

Activity of in situ stellate ganglion neurons of dogs recorded extracellularly

Localization of sympathetic postganglionic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons which innervate different regions of the dog heart

Development of Autonomic Innervation in Mammalian Myocardium

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