Physiological, structural and ultrastructural impacts of silver nanoparticles on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa

There is plenty of room at the plant science: A review of nanoparticles applied to plant cultures

“…The most studied NPs are those with a diversity of applications, to which their extensive use, demand environmental concerns. As examples there is a diversity of NPs being used, such as silver NPs (Ag‐NPs), which have antibacterial and anti‐fungal properties, being applied as a fungicide, which affects the environment after using or through the accidental spill (Mylona, Panteris, Moustakas, Kevrekidis, & Malea, 2020; Wu, Yang, Gong, Dang, & Zhou, 2020). Additionally, the most common zinc NPs (Zn‐NPs) are produced as ZnO with applications in sunscreen and fertilisers (Adhikari et al, 2020; Watson et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2015), and it was recently found that silicon NPs (Si‐NPs) are known to improve the development and overall plant growth (Janmohammadi, Amanzadeh, Sabaghnia, & Ion, 2016).…”

“…Considering Ag‐NPs, their benefits are not universal, and some plant species may present adverse effects; in this case, Ag‐NPs may be considered a pollutant. For that reason, a study evaluated the response of seagrass to Ag‐NPs (Mylona, Panteris, Moustakas, et al, 2020). As seagrass is important in the food chain and as a primary producer, the authors suggest its use as a biomonitor of environmental quality.…”

“…As seagrass is important in the food chain and as a primary producer, the authors suggest its use as a biomonitor of environmental quality. In this case, lower concentrations (0.2–200 μg L −1 ) were used to achieve early warning of risk based on sensible parameters (Mylona, Panteris, Moustakas, et al, 2020). Differently from other plant species, authors observed that Ag‐NPs caused oxidative stress, as well as structural and physiological impairments in the seagrass species evaluated.…”

“…Many reports refer to the dissolution of NPs into ions, thus providing a more available form to be absorbed by the roots, and, consequently, altering toxicity and persistence (Adhikari et al, 2020). When equal amounts of the element in NP or dissolved forms are applied to the plant, and the results compared, it is possible to attribute toxicity to either NPs or the dissolved ions (Molnár et al, 2020; Mylona, Panteris, Moustakas, et al, 2020; X. P. Wang, Li, Pei, & Wang, 2018; Zhang et al, 2015).…”

Predicting Cytotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Isalos Analytics Platform

“…As a result, the hazard and risk assessment of NPs is key to ensure their safe use for humans and the environment. So far, in vivo studies have been the main source of information regarding NP effects on the physiology of biological organisms [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, the requirements for a reduction in animal testing as per the 3Rs (Replace, Reduce, Refine) principles [ 23 ] and European Commission (EC) legislation [ 24 ] have led to a push for development of alternative testing strategies (ATS).…”