Physiological Roles of Ethylene in Plants

Pratt, and H K; Goeschl, J. D.

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.20.060169.002545

Cited by 369 publications

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“…Ethrel (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, 100 p1/liter) also enhanced both the evolution of ethylene and germination of aged seeds (unpublished data). It appears that ethylene acts as an inducer or activator of enzymes, probably of mitochondrial origin (13), or hormones (3,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Germination Rate of Aged Seeds by Ethylene

Takayanagi¹,

Harrington²

1971

Plant Physiol.

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Naturally and artificially aged seeds of rape, Brassica napus L., produced less ethylene than freshly harvested seed during the early stage of germination. With (9); it also breaks the dormancy of seed of various species (4,9,10,18,19). Stewart and Freebaim (17) showed that heat-treated lettuce seed which became insensitive to gibberellic acid germinated well subsequent to treatment with exogenous ethylene. Ruge (15) showed earlier that ethylene enhanced the percentage germination of aged oat seed. In the present paper, the pattern of ethylene production by rape seedlings in the early stage of germination and the stimulation of the germination of aged seeds by exogenous ethylene were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials used in the experiments were the seeds of rape, Brassica napus L., variety Chisaya-natane, harvested in 1965 and seeds were sealed in tin cans and were put with the other seed at 3 C until the experiment was started.A germination test of the seeds was conducted with three replications (100 seeds X 3) on December 10, 1969. The blotter method at 25 C was used. The first count was on the 3rd day, and the final count was on the 7th day. The number of normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, and slowly germinating seeds was counted.For observing ethylene production by seedlings and effects of exogenous ethylene on aged seeds, all experiments were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks equipped with rubber serum stoppers. To prevent mold growth, the flasks, stoppers, and seeds were sterilized at the start of the experiment. Flasks containing filter paper or agar media were autoclaved at 15 psi for 20 min. The rubber stoppers were immersed in 95% ethanol and dried under sterile conditions. The seeds were treated with 95% ethanol for 5 sec, rinsed with sterile water, sterilized with 0.1% sodium hypochlorite for 30 min, and washed three times with sterile water. Seedlings were germinated and grown under continuous fluorescent light in a room maintained at 25 C. Samples of ethylene given off from seedlings in a flask were withdrawn with a 1-ml syringe through the rubber stopper. The amount of ethylene was determined by gas chromatography, using an alumina column maintained at 50 C and a flame ionization detector. Each experiment was replicated three times.The first two experiments were conducted to follow the trend of ethylene production during germination. In the first trial, the seeds were maintained in a closed system in 25-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing two layers of wet filter paper. A 1-ml gas sample was withdrawn daily for 9 days from each flask for ethylene determination. In the second trial, the seeds were transferred aseptically to 125-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 25 ml of 1% agar. In contrast to the first trial, a 1-ml gas sample was taken every 6 or 12 hr for ethylene analysis, after which the gaseous content of the flask was flushed with fresh ethylene-free air. This trial was conducted for 120 hr.In the third experiment, ethylene was introduced into the flask containing aged seeds t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Germination Rate of Aged Seeds by Ethylene

Takayanagi¹,

Harrington²

1971

Plant Physiol.

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“…The untreated control fruits were rated poor (4) in taste on 4 th day. The improvement in sensory quality with ethylene gas or ethephon treatments may be due to the role of ethylene / ethephon in promoting changes which are important to fl avour quality and formation of aroma volatile in climacteric fruit (Pratt and Goeschl 1969, Medlicott et al 1987, Kulkarni et al 2004 TSS: The TSS content of fruits increased during ripening irrespective of treatments (Table 1). The TSS content of banana were maximum (19%) with ethephon 1000 ppm and lowest (13%) in control fruits.…”

Section: Plwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on optimization of ripening techniques for banana

et al. 2010

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Fruits of banana (Musa spp) cultivar 'Grand Naine' were harvested at physiological green mature stage. The fi rst lot of fruit was exposed to ethylene gas (100 ppm) for 24 h in ripening chamber. The second lot was treated with different concentrations of aqueous solution of ethephon (250, 500, 750, 1000 ppm) each for 5 min. The fruits were packed in plastic crates and stored in ripening chamber maintained at 16-18°C and 90-95% RH. Treatment with ethylene gas (100 ppm) or ethephon (500 ppm) resulted in adequate ripening of fruits after 4 days with uniform colour, pleasant fl avour, desirable fi rmness and acceptable quality and better shelf-life. The untreated control fruits were hard textured and poor in colour and quality. The ripening with ethylene gas or ethephon treatment seems to hold promise in reducing postharvest losses and boosting the economy of banana growers and traders.

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“…Besides its crucial importance in the petrochemical industry (Kniel et al, 1980), C Z H 4 is known to have significant regulatory effects on plants (Pratt and Goeschl, 1969).…”

Section: Chapter 2 Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%