Physiological Role of Orexinergic System for Health

Villano, Ines; Marra, Marco La; Maio, Girolamo Di; Monda, Vincenzo; Chieffi, Sergio; Guatteo, Ezia; Messina, Antonietta; Moscatelli, Fiorenzo; Monda, Marcellino

doi:10.3390/ijerph19148353

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…The somatosensory pathways are notoriously involved in both conscious perception/recognition of one’s own body (i.e., body image) [ 162 ] and in the body schema construction [ 163 ], i.e., a dynamic representation of one’s own body used to drive actions [ 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 ]. In addition, either the posterior insula or the angular gyrus also plays a significant role in integrating different input signals related to self-awareness in terms of enteroception, feelings of agency, and visceral sensations [ 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization—A Pilot Study

Marra

Messina

Ilardi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: The relationship binding body weight to psychological well-being is unclear. The present study aims at identifying the contribution, and specificity, of some dimensions (i.e., eating-related symptoms, body image disorders, eating habits, personality traits, and emotional difficulties) characterizing the psychological profile of obese adolescents (749 participants, 325 females; 58.3% normal-weight, 29.9% overweight, and 11.7% obese; mean age = 16.05, SD = 0.82). Methods: By introducing the scores obtained by standardized self-report tools into a generalized linear model, a factorial reduction design was used to detect the best fitting discriminant functions and the principal components explaining the higher proportion of the variance. Results: We found two discriminant functions correctly classifying 87.1% of normal-weight, 57.2% of overweight, and 68.2% of obese adolescents. Furthermore, two independent factors, explaining 69.68% of the total variance, emerged. Conclusions: The first factor, “Body Image Concerns”, included the drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and interpersonal distrust. The second factor, “Selective Depersonalization”, included a trend toward depersonalization and dissatisfaction with the torso. The neurophysiological implications of our findings will be discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization—A Pilot Study

Marra

Messina

Ilardi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…Adipose tissue fulfills neuro-immune-endocrine functions, participating in the homeostasis [ 101 ]. In obesity, adipose tissue produces cytokines such as interleukin (specifically IL1ß and IL6), interferon γ (IFNγ), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP1), which promote chronic inflammation [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ]. Hypertrophy of adipocytes induces a state of chronic inflammation that causes changes in the brain by inducing neuroinflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Relationship between Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Psychomotor Speed and Obesity

et al. 2022

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In the last decades, it has been proposed that executive functions may be particularly vulnerable to weight-related issues. However, evidence on the matter is mixed, especially when the effects of sociodemographic variables are weighted. Thus, the current study aimed at further examining the relationship between executive functions and obesity. To this aim, we compared treatment-seeking overweight, obese, and morbidly obese patients with normal-weight control participants. We examined general executive functioning (Frontal Assessment Battery–15) and different executive subdomains (e.g., inhibitory control, verbal fluency, and psychomotor speed) in a clinical sample including 208 outpatients with different degrees of BMI (52 overweight, BMI 25–30, M age = 34.38; 76 obese, BMI 30–40, M age = 38.00; 80 morbidly obese, BMI > 40, M age = 36.20). Ninety-six normal-weight subjects served as controls. No difference on executive scores was detected when obese patients were compared with over- or normal-weight subjects. Morbidly obese patients reported lower performance on executive scores than obese, overweight, and normal-weight subjects. Between-group difference emerged also when relevant covariates were taken into account. Our results support the view that morbid obesity is associated with lower executive performance, also considering the critical role exerted by sociodemographic (i.e., sex, age, and education) variables. Our results support the view that executive functioning should be accounted into the management of the obese patient because of non-negligible clinical relevance in diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic terms.

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“…Some studies have shown that central inflammation is often observed after high-fat feeding, especially in the hypothalamus region [ 2 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ], and might predict cognitive decline and/or the onset of major neurocognitive disorders [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Interestingly, adipose tissue may modify β-amyloid metabolism [ 136 , 137 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neglected Factor in the Relationship between Executive Functioning and Obesity: The Role of Motor Control

et al. 2022

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Background: The association between obesity and executive functions (EFs) is highly controversial. It has been suggested that waist circumference (WC), compared to body mass index (BMI), is a better indicator of fat mass and EFs in obesity. Moreover, according to the viewpoint that the brain’s functional architecture meets the need for interactive behavior, we hypothesize that the relationship between EFs and body weight might be mediated by the motor performance. Methods: General executive functioning (frontal assessment battery-15), additional cognitive subdomains (trail making test and digit span backward), and motor performance (finger tapping task) were assessed in a sample that included 330 volunteers (192 females, M age = 45.98 years, SD = 17.70, range = 18–86 years). Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the FAB15 score and FTT negatively predicted WC but not BMI. A subsequent mediation analysis highlighted that the indirect effect of FAB15 on WC through finger tapping was statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results suggest that WC, as compared to BMI, is a more effective measure for studying the association between EFs and body weight. Still, we found that the motor domain partially mediates the dynamics of such a relationship.

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Physiological Role of Orexinergic System for Health

Cited by 27 publications

References 182 publications

Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization—A Pilot Study

Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization—A Pilot Study

Functional Relationship between Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Psychomotor Speed and Obesity

The Neglected Factor in the Relationship between Executive Functioning and Obesity: The Role of Motor Control

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