Physiological responses of men and women to humid and dry heat

Shapiro, Y; Pandolf, Kent B.; Avellini, Barbara A.; Pimental, Nancy A.; Goldman, Rachel

doi:10.1152/jappl.1980.49.1.1

Cited by 180 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…2,43,50,69,77,160,161 Using the WBGT index to modify activity in high-risk settings has virtually eliminated heat-stroke deaths in United States Marine Corps recruits. 159 Wet-bulb globe temperature is calculated using the wet-bulb (wb), drybulb (db), and black-globe (bg) temperature with the following equation 49,62,85,162,163 :…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…158 The WBGT calculation can be performed using information obtained from electronic devices 42 or the local meteorologic service, but conversion tables for relative humidity and T db are needed to calculate the wetbulb temperature. 50,162 The predictive value from the meteorologic service is not as accurate as site-specific data for representing local heat load but will suffice in most situations. When WBGT measures are not possible, environmental heat stress can be estimated using a sling psychrometer (see Figures 1, 2).…”

Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses

Casa¹,

DeMartini²,

Bergeron³

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

152

338

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Objective: To present recommendations for the prevention, recognition, and treatment of exertional heat illnesses and to describe the relevant physiology of thermoregulation.Background: Certified athletic trainers evaluate and treat heat-related injuries during athletic activity in ''safe'' and highrisk environments. While the recognition of heat illness has improved, the subtle signs and symptoms associated with heat illness are often overlooked, resulting in more serious problems for affected athletes. The recommendations presented here provide athletic trainers and allied health providers with an integrated scientific and practical approach to the prevention, recognition, and treatment of heat illnesses. These recommendations can be modified based on the environmental conditions of the site, the specific sport, and individual considerations to maximize safety and performance.Recommendations: Certified athletic trainers and other allied health providers should use these recommendations to establish on-site emergency plans for their venues and athletes. The primary goal of athlete safety is addressed through the prevention and recognition of heat-related illnesses and a welldeveloped plan to evaluate and treat affected athletes. Even with a heat-illness prevention plan that includes medical screening, acclimatization, conditioning, environmental monitoring, and suitable practice adjustments, heat illness can and does occur. Athletic trainers and other allied health providers must be prepared to respond in an expedient manner to alleviate symptoms and minimize morbidity and mortality.Key Words: heat cramps, heat syncope, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, hyponatremia, dehydration, exercise, heat tolerance H eat illness is inherent to physical activity and its incidence increases with rising ambient temperature and relative humidity. Athletes who begin training in the late summer (eg, football, soccer, and cross-country athletes) experience exertional heat-related illness more often than athletes who begin training during the winter and spring. [1][2][3][4][5] Although the hot conditions associated with late summer provide a simple explanation for this difference, we need to understand what makes certain athletes more susceptible and how these illnesses can be prevented. PURPOSEThis position statement provides recommendations that will enable certified athletic trainers (ATCs) and other allied health providers to (1) identify and implement preventive strategies that can reduce heat-related illnesses in sports, (2) characterize factors associated with the early detection of heat illness, (3) provide on-site first aid and emergency management of athletes with heat illnesses, (4) determine appropriate return-toplay procedures, (5) understand thermoregulation and physiologic responses to heat, and (6) recognize groups with special concerns related to heat exposure. ORGANIZATIONThis position statement is organized as follows:1. Definitions of exertional heat illnesses, including exerciseassociated muscle (heat) cramps, he...

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Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses

Casa¹,

DeMartini²,

Bergeron³

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

152

338

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Assim, não foi possível encontrar alterações sudomotoras centrais ou periféricas em diabéticos sem sinais de NAD, apesar do controle glicêmico também inadequado. A utilização de uma amostra mista de homens e mulheres pode ter influenciado as taxas de sudorese encontradas no estudo de Hoeldtke et al (13) , por haver diferença relatada na taxa de sudorese entre os sexos (23,24) , o que poderia contribuir para a contradição observada com o presente estudo.…”

Section: Agradecimentosunclassified

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na ausência de neuropatia autonômica não altera a taxa de sudorese no exercício

Rocha

Madeira

Sá

et al. 2009

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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A sudorese é o principal mecanismo autonômico termorregulatório na espécie humana. A taxa de sudorese (TS) durante o exercício pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, entre eles doenças, como o diabetes mellitus tipo 1, cujos pacientes são vítimas potenciais de distúrbios termorregulatórios. Os exercícios regulares são recomendados para diabéticos e, inclusive, alguns deles tornam-se atletas. No entanto, ainda não foi medida a TS de diabéticos durante exercício progressivo até a exaustão (GXT) e comparada com a de indivíduos sadios com características antropométricas semelhantes. O presente estudo comparou a TS de sete voluntários diabéticos (DM) e sete controles (GC), semelhantes quanto à idade, gênero, composição corporal e capacidade aeróbica. Antes e após o GXT, foram medidos a gravidade específica da urina (GEU), o peso e a glicemia capilar. A TS global foi calculada dividindo-se a variação do peso pelo tempo de coleta e área de superfície corporal. A TS local do antebraço foi calculada utilizando-se a variação do peso de um filtro absorvente corrigido pela sua área e tempo de coleta. As TS locais do antebraço e da perna foram induzidas por iontoforese com pilocarpina (0,5%) no grupo DM. A freqüência cardíaca (FC) foi registrada antes, durante e após GXT. A temperatura média da pele (TMP) e as condições térmicas ambientais foram medidas durante o experimento. A glicemia capilar foi maior no DM, como o esperado. As TS global e local foram semelhantes entre os grupos, enquanto que a FC no repouso e a TMP no repouso e no exercício foram maiores no DM. Não houve diferença entre as TS do antebraço e da perna no DM com a pilocarpina. Concluiu-se que a resposta sudorípara foi semelhante entre diabéticos jovens e grupo controle durante exercício progressivo em ambiente temperado.Palavras-chave: neuropatia autonômica diabética, termorregulação, glândula sudorípara, sudorese, exercício. aBStRaCtSudoresis is the main autonomic human thermoregulatory mechanism. It can be influenced by several factors, including diseases, among them diabetes mellitus Type 1 (DM1), whose patients are potential victims of thermoregulatory disturbances. Regular physical exercises are recommended to diabetic people and some of them even become athletes. However, up to now, the sweat rate (SR) of diabetic patients during graded exercise until exhaustion (GXT) has not been compared to the SR of healthy individuals with similar physical characteristics. The present study measured global (SRglobal) and local (SRlocal) sweat rates during GXT in 14 diabetic (DM) and control subjects (CG), similar in age, gender, body composition and aerobic capacity. Urine specific gravity (Gu), body mass and blood glucose (Gblood) were measured before and after GXT. Besides that, Srlocal (forearm and leg) was measured by iontophoresis with pilocarpine (0.5%) in the DM group. Heart rate (HR), skin temperature (Tsk) and environmental thermal conditions were measured during the experiment. Both initial and final Gblood were higher in the DM, as expected. The Gu...

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“…Also, studies contrasting dissimilar populations such as men and women should consider alternative explanations for differing thermal responses when body size differences are of similar magnitude as presently reported. Epstein et al (1983) suggested that heat intolerance might be related to low AD-wt-l whereby a small surface area relative to body weight would reduce the potential for evaporative cooling and therefore increase core temperature responses compared with higher AD'wt Shapiro et al (1980) also suggested that the higher AD!wt-1 of females compared with males contributed to the lower rectal temperature (T re) responses in hot-humid environments. In a similar fashion, AD'Wt-1 has also been implicated in the water immersion literature as a contributor to heat transfer.…”

Section: Security Clasificatiow Of Tuos Paqfflhm De Smmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of body mass and morphology on thermal responses in water

Toner¹,

Sawka²,

Foley³

et al. 1986

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Ten male volunteers were divided into two groups based on body morphology and mass. The large-body mass (LM) group (n = 5) was 16.3 kg heavier and 0.22 cm2 X kg-1 X 10(-2) smaller in surface area-to-mass ratio (AD X wt-1) (P less than 0.05) than the small-body mass (SM) group (n = 5). Both groups were similar in total body fat and skinfold thicknesses (P greater than 0.05). All individuals were immersed for 1 h in stirred water at 26 degrees C during both rest and one intensity of exercise (metabolic rate approximately 550 W). During resting exposures metabolic rate (M) and rectal temperature (Tre) were not different (P greater than 0.05) between the LM and SM groups at min 60. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was higher (P less than 0.05) for the SM group at min 60, although the change in Tes during the 60 min between groups was similar (LM, -0.4 degrees C; SM, -0.2 degrees C). Tissue insulation (I) was lower (P less than 0.05) for SM (0.061 degrees C X m-2 X W-1) compared with the LM group (0.098 degrees C X m-2 X W-1). During exercise M, Tre, Tes, and I were not different (P greater than 0.05) between groups at min 60. These data illustrate that a greater body mass between individuals increases the overall tissue insulation during rest, most likely as a result of a greater volume of muscle tissue to provide insulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Physiological responses of men and women to humid and dry heat

Cited by 180 publications

References 2 publications

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Exertional Heat Illnesses

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na ausência de neuropatia autonômica não altera a taxa de sudorese no exercício

Effects of body mass and morphology on thermal responses in water

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