Physiological Responses of Lactating Dairy Cattle to Pelleted Corn and Oats

Hawkins, George; Paar, Gary E.; Little, Joe A.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(63)89211-5

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Por outro lado, a quantidade de gordura produzida por dia aumentou (P<0,05), em decorrância da produção de leite. Ronning (1960) e Hawkins et al (1963) afirmaram que a porcentagem de gordura reduz de forma mais acentuada quando a proporção de concentrado na dieta ultrapassa os 35%, o que justifica a falta de efeito do nível de concentrado sobre o teor de gordura no leite.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desempenho de vacas leiteiras recebendo concentrado em diferentes níveis, associado ou não a própolis

F¹,

Lana

Campos³

et al. 2009

R. Bras. Zootec.

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total. Houve maior produção de leite, produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura, teor de proteína e produção de gordura e proteína no leite quando fornecidas as rações com 40% de concentrado. Embora o nível de 40% de concentrado tenha proporcionado melhor desempenho produtivo, a eficiência obtida com esse nível foi de apenas 0,68 kg de leite/kg de concentrado.A adição de própolis não altera o consumo, a digestibilidade e o desempenho de vacas produzindo acima de 20 kg de leite/dia.Palavras-chave: consumo, digestibilidade aparente total, produção e composição do leite, própolisPerformance of milking cows fed concentrate at different levels associated or not with propolis ABSTRACT -Two levels of concentrate (20 and 40% dry matter) and presence or absence of propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) in the diet at 30% w/v were evaluated in this study. The intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients, milk production and composition, live weight, feed efficiency and concentrate use for milk production were evaluated. Eight Holstein cows were distributed in two 4 × 4 Latin squares. The experiment was carried out in four 21-day periods, the first fourteen days were for the animals to adapt to the diets and the last seven days were for data collection. The experimental diets consisted of corn silage in the proportion of 80 or 60%, and concentrates based on corn and soybean meal, in addition to 34 mL PEE per day in the treatments that required this additive. The animals were housed in individual pens, fed ad libitum and milked twice a day. There was no interaction between concentrate levels and propolis, and there was no PEE effect for the evaluated parameters. The diets with 40% concentrate increased the daily dry matter, concentrate and TDN intakes, and caused reduction in forage intake in relation to diets with 20% concentrate. The total apparent digestibility coefficients did not change as a function of concentrate level in the ration. There was greater milk production, production of milk corrected to 3.5%, protein content and fat and protein production in milk in the diets with 40% concentrate. Although 40% concentrate diet allowed higher productive performance than 20% concentrate, the efficiency was only 0.68 kg milk/kg of concentrate. The addition of propolis does not alter the intake, digestibility and performance of cows producing above 20 kg of milk/day. IntroduçãoToda atividade de produção visa, em última análise, ao aumento do lucro. Considerando essa premissa, no contexto da produção animal, torna-se imprescindível aumentar a produtividade e diminuir os custos de produção para se buscar um ponto de equilíbrio entre esses dois fatores.No custo de produção de leite, a alimentação é o componente mais significativo dos custos variáveis, e os alimentos concentrados são aqueles de maior custo na alimentação, ou seja, são o componente de maior relevância no custo de produção do leite. Desse modo, é importante a otimização da relação entre alimentos volumosos e concentrados fornecidos aos animais, uma vez que, qu...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Desempenho de vacas leiteiras recebendo concentrado em diferentes níveis, associado ou não a própolis

F¹,

Lana

Campos³

et al. 2009

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, reduced NAD dehydrogenase, Mg 2+ activated ATPase, acetylcholinesterase, xanthine oxidase, aldolase and glucose-6-phosphatase are all present in the globule membrane (Dowben, Brunner & Philpott, 1967). Alkaline phosphatase and xanthine oxidase are located almost entirely in the outer soluble lipoprotein layer of the membrane (Hayashi, Erickson & Smith, 1965). Copper and iron are distributed throughout all fractions of the membrane with highest concentrations of iron in the outer layers (Richardson & Guss, 1965;Chien & Richardson, 19676).…”

Section: Milk Fat Globulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milk fat depressing diets produce a fall in rumen pH and changes in the proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids, generally characterized by decreased proportions of acetate and sometimes of butyrate and by increased proportions of propionate and valerate (King & Hemken, 1962;Hawkins, Paar & Little, 1963;Jorgensen & Schultz, 1965;Jorgensen, Schultz & Barr, 1965;Storry & Rook, 1966;Davis & Sachan, 1966;Colenbrander, Bartley, Morrill, Deyoe & Pfost, 1967;Davis, 1967;Hawkins & Little, 1967;Thomas, Bartley, Pfost & Meyer, 1968;Varman & Schultz, 1968a;Storry & Sutton, 1969). The initial fall in pH is thought to be due to a diminished secretion of saliva and hence buffering capacity of rumen digesta, which then allows the survival of a microflora producing the change in pattern of volatile fatty acids.…”

Section: Metabolism In the Rumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section A. Physiology. Ruminant metabolism in relation to the synthesis and secretion of milk fat

Storry¹

1970

Journal of Dairy Research

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Effect of processing on the nutritive value of cereals in animal feeds

Burt¹

1973

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Since cereals provide much of the digestible energy and considerable amounts of the protein in feeds for livestock, effects of the processing to which they are subjected are of considerable practical significance. In most developed countries, a substantial proportion of the total supply of cereals is used for feeding livestock. In the United Kingdom, the Home Grown Cereals Authority have estimated that of the 22 million tons of imported and home-produced wheat, barley, oats and maize available in 1969-70, over 13 million tons were used in animal feed (Sturgess & Reeves, I 972).Unlike human foods, economic considerations are paramount and organoleptic factors are of relatively little importance in processing cereals for livestock. Processing costs can only be incurred if they are accompanied by a more than commensurate increase in the value of the cereal. I n consequence, most of the cereals used are subjected to relatively simple processes. Recently, however, there has been increasing interest in more sophisticated processing techniques, supported by the increasing economic value of cereals and animal products and the increasing size of unit in animal production enterprises.The following factors have to be considered in any study of processing (I) species of cereal and variation within the species; ( 2 ) the particular process or processes applied; ( 3 ) species and class of animal fed; (4) relative place of the cereal processed with respect to the rest of the diet of the animal.Apart from the problems posed by the variation in the reaction of theanimal, which is often not sufficiently well-defined to allow clearcut definitions of requirements for processing, there can be appreciable differences in the physico-chemical properties within each species of cereal grain, which can interact with the process. Furthermore, the processes are often poorly controlled and their effects upon the physical and chemical properties of the grain are not completely understood. It is therefore not surprising that there is often considerable contradiction in the results relating to the application of a particular process to a particular cereal fed to a given category of animal.Four processes are considered in this paper.https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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Physiological Responses of Lactating Dairy Cattle to Pelleted Corn and Oats

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Desempenho de vacas leiteiras recebendo concentrado em diferentes níveis, associado ou não a própolis

Desempenho de vacas leiteiras recebendo concentrado em diferentes níveis, associado ou não a própolis

Section A. Physiology. Ruminant metabolism in relation to the synthesis and secretion of milk fat

Effect of processing on the nutritive value of cereals in animal feeds

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