Physiological responses in a Concealed Information Test are determined interactively by encoding procedure and questioning format

Ambach, Wolfgang; Dummel, Sebastian; Lüer, Theresa; Vaitl, Dieter

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.07.010

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In this study, a dissociation was observed between autonomic responses and an explicit memory test: In detail, the results showed larger SCRs to deeply encoded details while no differences were obtained in an explicit memory test. Comparable results were also reported by Ambach et al (2011) who found enhanced autonomic responses to stolen items as compared to details that were only seen during the mock crime. This result emerged even when excluding items that were not explicitly remembered but it only occurred when emphasizing the act of stealing in the CIT questions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

P300 amplitudes in the concealed information test are less affected by depth of processing than electrodermal responses

Gamer¹,

Berti²

2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The Concealed Information Test (CIT) has been used in the laboratory as well as in field applications to detect concealed crime related memories. The presentation of crime relevant details to guilty suspects has been shown to elicit enhanced N200 and P300 amplitudes of the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) as well as greater skin conductance responses (SCRs) as compared to neutral test items. These electrophysiological and electrodermal responses were found to incrementally contribute to the validity of the test, thereby suggesting that these response systems are sensitive to different psychological processes. In the current study, we tested whether depth of processing differentially affects N200, P300, and SCR amplitudes in the CIT. Twenty participants carried out a mock crime and became familiar with central and peripheral crime details. A CIT that was conducted 1 week later revealed that SCR amplitudes were larger for central details although central and peripheral items were remembered equally well in a subsequent explicit memory test. By contrast, P300 amplitudes elicited by crime related details were larger but did not differ significantly between question types. N200 amplitudes did not allow for detecting concealed knowledge in this study. These results indicate that depth of processing might be one factor that differentially affects central and autonomic nervous system responses to concealed information. Such differentiation might be highly relevant for field applications of the CIT.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

P300 amplitudes in the concealed information test are less affected by depth of processing than electrodermal responses

Gamer¹,

Berti²

2012

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…However, when deception and knowledge were controlled, and the effect of guilt was examined alone, a very high rate of false positives was reported for informed innocent participants (Bradley et al, 1996). Similarly, in a recent study Ambach et al, (2011) manipulated the mode of item handling (stealing vs. merely viewing the critical items) and questioning format (GAT like stealing questioning vs. CIT like viewing questioning) and found that with the viewing questioning the mode of item handling did not influence physiological responses, whereas with the stealing questioning it did. Gamer (2010) found that both the GAT and CIT did not allow for a valid differentiation of guilty and informed innocent participants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In order to ensure equal footing of the two groups of participants, their knowledge of the critical information was controlled by ensuring that both, the guilty and the informed innocent participants alike, possessed the same critical knowledge. Furthermore, since it may be argued that handling the items during the performance of a mock-crime is likely to produce deeper encoding of the critical information than written information conveyed to the innocent participants (Ambach et al, 2011;Gamer, 2010), it was assured that the innocent participants would actually handle these items in an innocent context. All participants were encouraged to be found innocent by monetary rewards for success on the test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perceived efficacy and prospect of success on detection in the Guilty Actions Test

Zvi¹,

Nachson²,

Elaad³

2015

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…The same holds for a stronger intention to deceive (Furedy and Ben-Shakhar, 1991), a greater response conflict between the predominant truthful and the required deceptive answer (Furedy and Ben-Shakhar, 1991; Bradley et al, 1996), and a greater attentiveness throughout the test (countered by countermeasures; see, e.g., Elaad and Ben-Shakhar, 1991). In addition, an “active” questioning format (e.g., “Did you steal this object?”) has been suggested to be more effective than a more “passive” questioning format (e.g., “Was this object in the deed room?”, “Did you see this object?”; Bradley et al, 1996; Ambach et al, 2011a; but see Gamer, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Face and Voice as Social Stimuli Enhance Differential Physiological Responding in a Concealed Information Test

Ambach¹,

Assmann²,

Krieg³

et al. 2012

Front. Psychology

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Attentional, intentional, and motivational factors are known to influence the physiological responses in a Concealed Information Test (CIT). Although concealing information is essentially a social action closely related to motivation, CIT studies typically rely on testing participants in an environment lacking of social stimuli: subjects interact with a computer while sitting alone in an experimental room. To address this gap, we examined the influence of social stimuli on the physiological responses in a CIT. Seventy-one participants underwent a mock-crime experiment with a modified CIT. In a between-subjects design, subjects were either questioned acoustically by a pre-recorded male voice presented together with a virtual male experimenter’s uniform face or by a text field on the screen, which displayed the question devoid of face and voice. Electrodermal activity (EDA), respiration line length (RLL), phasic heart rate (pHR), and finger pulse waveform length (FPWL) were registered. The Psychopathic Personality Inventory – Revised (PPI-R) was administered in addition. The differential responses of RLL, pHR, and FPWL to probe vs. irrelevant items were greater in the condition with social stimuli than in the text condition; interestingly, the differential responses of EDA did not differ between conditions. No modulatory influence of the PPI-R sum or subscale scores was found. The results emphasize the relevance of social aspects in the process of concealing information and in its detection. Attentional demands as well as the participants’ motivation to avoid detection might be the important links between social stimuli and physiological responses in the CIT.

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Physiological responses in a Concealed Information Test are determined interactively by encoding procedure and questioning format

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

P300 amplitudes in the concealed information test are less affected by depth of processing than electrodermal responses

P300 amplitudes in the concealed information test are less affected by depth of processing than electrodermal responses

Effects of perceived efficacy and prospect of success on detection in the Guilty Actions Test

Face and Voice as Social Stimuli Enhance Differential Physiological Responding in a Concealed Information Test

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