Physiological responses after two different Crossfit workouts

Forte, Lucas Dantas Maia; Freire, Yago G. C.; Júnior, Josinaldo S. D. S.; Melo, Davi A.; Meireles, Claudio L. S.

doi:10.5114/biolsport.2021.102928

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The discrepancy to the previous data resulting from differences in study design (CrossFit ® training in full extent vs stand-alone WODs) is outlined as follows. A comparison between shorter and longer CrossFit ® workouts, and between training modalities such as AMRAP and FT were previously examined and found that the protocols achieved HR values above 90% HR max without significant differences ( Tibana et al, 2018b ; Forte et al, 2021 ; Toledo et al, 2021 ). In this regard, a study included in this review also confirms this finding based on a mean HR of 94.1 ± 3.7 in lower-trained and 92.7 ± 5.3 of HR max in higher-trained athletes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of regular CrossFit® training and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic—A systematic review

2023

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CrossFit® is a functional fitness training program known for its day-to-day varying “Workouts of the Day” (WOD). In accordance with the ‘CrossFit® Level 1 Training Guide’, regular CrossFit® training sessions consist of Warm-up, Mobility, Skill/Power training, WOD, and Cool-down. Despite the fast-growing and widespread popularity, data on the practical implementation of the training program based on scientific evidence are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to systematically review the existing literature on the physiological effects of regular CrossFit® training in full extent instead of stand-alone WODs and to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the training behavior of CrossFit® athletes. A systematic search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines in April 2022 and updated in July 2022 using the following databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science. Using the keyword “CrossFit”, 1,264 records were found. Based on the eligibility criteria, 12 studies are included and separated by topics: acute-short term physiological response (n = 8), and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 4). The results show that studies of regular training sessions were rarely conducted and contradicted the existing knowledge of the physiological demands [e.g., heart rate (HR)] of CrossFit®. In detail, included studies demonstrate that training sessions last 30–60 min and provide a progressive increase in cardiovascular load up to maximal effort activity (>90% HRmax), differing from stand-alone WODs exclusively at high-intensity. Also, scarce research exists on COVID-19-pandemic-induced effects on training behavior, and studies are of moderate to low quality. There is still a lack of comprehensive analyses on the acute physiological effects of regular training sessions and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the scientific literature. Moreover, the inconsistent terminology used in CrossFit® research complicates generalized conclusions. Therefore, future research on the training methodology of CrossFit® needs to overcome terminological inequalities and examine scientifically the implementation of the concept by considering regular training sessions under practical settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of regular CrossFit® training and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic—A systematic review

2023

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“…However, due to the specificity of these workouts, the application of traditional laboratory testing protocols is constrained, as the physiological demands diverge from those encountered in a real-world training context. It is worth noting that only a limited number of pre-established workouts have been systematically characterized, with Cindy [ 20 , 21 , 22 ] and Fran [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 17 ] benchmarks workouts standing out as the most extensively assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the optimization of various metabolic pathways is achievable depending on the total duration and performance (intermittent or continuous) strategy of the workout [ 11 , 13 , 21 ]. Furthermore, an observed reduction in muscle functional capacity underscores the dynamic nature of these workouts [ 21 , 22 ]. Cardiorespiratory and bioenergetic assessments have been primarily assessed in well-controlled environments, particularly in exercise laboratories [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Contributions in an Extreme Intensity CrossFit® Benchmark Workout

Rios,

Becker,

Cardoso

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Our purpose was to characterize the oxygen uptake kinetics (VO2), energy systems contributions and total energy expenditure during a CrossFit® benchmark workout performed in the extreme intensity domain. Fourteen highly trained male CrossFitters, aged 28.3 ± 5.4 years, with height 177.8 ± 9.4 cm, body mass 87.9 ± 10.5 kg and 5.6 ± 1.8 years of training experience, performed the Isabel workout at maximal exertion. Cardiorespiratory variables were measured at baseline, during exercise and the recovery period, with blood lactate and glucose concentrations, including the ratings of perceived exertion, measured pre- and post-workout. The Isabel workout was 117 ± 10 s in duration and the VO2 peak was 47.2 ± 4.7 mL·kg−1·min−1, the primary component amplitude was 42.0 ± 6.0 mL·kg−1·min−1, the time delay was 4.3 ± 2.2 s and the time constant was 14.2 ± 6.0 s. The accumulated VO2 (0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 4.8 ± 1.0 L·min−1) value post-workout increased substantially when compared to baseline. Oxidative phosphorylation (40%), glycolytic (45%) and phosphagen (15%) pathways contributed to the 245 ± 25 kJ total energy expenditure. Despite the short ~2 min duration of the Isabel workout, the oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent metabolism energy contributions to the total metabolic energy release were similar. The CrossFit® Isabel requires maximal effort and the pattern of physiological demands identifies this as a highly intensive and effective workout for developing fitness and conditioning for sports.

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“…CrossFit es una marca registrada de un programa de entrenamiento, creada en el año 2000 y hoy cuenta con alrededor de 15,000 gimnasios (boxes) afiliados en el mundo, debidamente autorizados para utilizar la marca y el sistema de entrenamiento (CrossFit Inc., 2022). CrossFit es definido como un programa de acondicionamiento metabólico y entrenamiento de la fuerza, el cual está influenciado por deportes como el levantamiento de pesas, gimnasia y powerlifting (Forte et al, 2022). En el programa de entrenamiento se combinan movimientos funcionales, constantemente variados y ejecutados a alta intensidad (Meier et al, 2021) con el fin de preparar a sus participantes para la solución de desafíos relacionados con actividades cotidianas (Dominski et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Motivos para la práctica de CrossFit en los usuarios de un centro afiliado

Hoyos-Manrique,

Arango Paternina,

Patiño Villada

2024

Cuad. Psicol. Deporte

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There is limited evidence in the literature regarding the study of motivations for CrossFit. Therefore, it is essential to contribute to scientific development in this field. The aim was to identify the motivations driving CrossFit practice among users of an affiliated. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 CrossFit practitioners. Sociodemographic data were collected, body composition was assessed, and the "Motives for Physical Activities Measure, revised (MPAM–R)" questionnaire was administered to understand motivations for CrossFit. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. It was found that the primary motivation for CrossFit was fitness. It was correlated with age (Rho = .228, p = .042) and was higher in individuals with socioeconomic levels between two and four (p = .045, ES = .078). Fun was correlated with body fat percentage (Rho = .322, p = .004) and muscle mass percentage (Rho = -.015, p = .004). People with a higher weekly frequency of practice (FSP) greater than four days had higher values in fun (p = .024, ES = .296) and social (p = .030, ES = -.502) motivations. The only multiple linear regression model that met assumptions revealed that social motivation increases with FSP (.50 95%CI .24; .75) and decreases in individuals with professional education (-.89 95%CI -1.59; -.19). In conclusion, fitness stands out as the primary motivation, increasing with age. Fun motivation appears to be related to body composition, and social motivation is linked to FSP. These findings contribute to understanding motivational aspects related to CrossFit practice. Existe poca evidencia sobre el estudio de las motivaciones para la práctica de CrossFit, por lo cual es necesario contribuir al desarrollo científico en este campo. El objetivo fue identificar los motivos para la práctica de CrossFit en los usuarios de un centro afiliado. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 80 practicantes de CrossFit. Se recopilaron datos sociodemográficos, de composición corporal y se aplicó el cuestionario “Motives for Physical Activities Measure-revised (MPAM–R)” para conocer las motivaciones hacia la práctica de CrossFit. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados. Se encontró que la principal motivación para la práctica del CrossFit fue la salud. Esta se correlacionó con la edad (Rho = .228, p = .042) y fue mayor en las personas de nivel socioeconómico entre los niveles dos y cuatro (p = .045, TE = .078). La motivación de diversión se correlacionó con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (Rho = .322, p = .004) y el porcentaje de masa muscular (Rho = -.015, p = .004). Las personas con una frecuencia semanal de práctica (FSP) mayor a cuatro días presentaron valores más altos en las motivaciones de diversión (p = .024, TE = .296) y social (p = .030, TE = -.502). El único modelo de regresión lineal múltiple que cumplió con los supuestos mostró que la motivación social aumenta con la FSP (.50 IC95% .24; .75) y disminuye en las personas con nivel educativo profesional (-.89 IC95% -1.59; -0.19). En conclusión, la salud fue la motivación principal, la cual aumenta con la edad. La motivación diversión al parecer está relacionada con la composición corporal y la motivación social con la FSP. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la comprensión de las motivaciones relacionadas con la práctica de CrossFit. Existe pouca evidência sobre o estudo das motivações para a prática de CrossFit. Por esse motivo, é necessário contribuir para o desenvolvimento científico nesse campo. O objetivo foi identificar os motivos para a prática de CrossFit entre os usuários de um centro afiliado. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 80 praticantes de CrossFit. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, de composição corporal, e aplicou-se o questionário "Motives for Physical Activities Measure-revised (MPAM-R)" para conhecer as motivações para a prática de CrossFit. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e multivariadas. Descobriu-se que a principal motivação para a prática de CrossFit foi a saúde. Esta se correlacionou com a idade (Rho = .228, p = .042) e foi maior entre as pessoas de nível socioeconômico entre os níveis dois e quatro (p = .045, TE = .078). A motivação para diversão se correlacionou com a porcentagem de gordura corporal (Rho = .322, p = .004) e a porcentagem de massa muscular (Rho = -.015, p = .004). Pessoas com frequência semanal de prática (FSP) superior a quatro dias apresentaram valores mais elevados nas motivações de diversão (p = .024, TE = .296) e sociais (p = .030, TE = -.502). O único modelo de regressão linear múltipla que cumpriu com os pressupostos mostrou que a motivação social aumenta com a FSP (.50 IC95% .24; .75) e diminui em pessoas com nível educacional profissional (-0,89 IC95% -1,59; -0,19). Em conclusão, a saúde foi a motivação principal, a qual aumenta com a idade. A motivação para diversão aparentemente está relacionada com a composição corporal e a motivação social com a FSP. Essas descobertas contribuem para a compreensão das motivações relacionadas à prática de CrossFit.

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Physiological responses after two different Crossfit workouts

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Physiological effects of regular CrossFit® training and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic—A systematic review

Physiological effects of regular CrossFit® training and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic—A systematic review

Assessment of Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Contributions in an Extreme Intensity CrossFit® Benchmark Workout

Motivos para la práctica de CrossFit en los usuarios de un centro afiliado

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