Physiological response of anthocyanin synthesis to different light intensities in blueberry

An, Xiaoli; Tan, Tianyu; Song, Zejun; Guo, Xiaolan; Zhang, Xinyu; Zhu, Yunzheng; Wang, Delu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283284

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The 33OC+SF, 66OC+SF, and 100OC treatments significantly decreased the fruit surface color of lightness (L * ) and yellow (b * ), with an increase in the color red (a * ) observed for the 66OC+SF and 100OC treated bushes, associated with the advanced ripening of the fruit caused by the increased fertilizer level. The 33OC+SF treatment enhanced the total anthocyanin contents of the fruits, receiving a high amount of light intensity (An et al, 2023), with this result similar to that of the 100OC treatment fruits. The low T-N fertilizer rates, in this case for 33OC+SF, were primarily due to the accumulation of anthocyanins rather than to the biosynthesis of other substances in the fruits (Jezek et al, 2018;Jeppsson, 2000;Đorđević et al, 2022).…”

Section: Bush Performancesupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Chokeberries grow naturally in North America and are primarily cultivated in Poland, which accounts for approximately 90% of the world's production (Strik et al, 2003;Brand, 2010). Black chokeberries are referred to as a functional food due to the highest compounds of phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, as well as antioxidant activities among the fruit species (Kokotkiewicz et al, 2010;Choi, 2020a;Zhang et al, 2021;Đorđević et al, 2022;An et al, 2023;Paunović et al, 2023;Strik et al, 2003), leading to production approximately 100 times higher in 2018 than in 2013 in South Korea (Wonye, 2023). However, the main black chokeberry cultivar, Nero, is consumed primarily in the form of a powder due to the strong tart taste of the fresh berry and have largely been imported at a low price from Eastern Europe since 2016 (Won et al, 2017;Paunović et al, 2023;Wonye, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on the Growth and Fruit Yield of Black Chokeberry Trees

Park,

Choi

2024

HST

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There is limited information currently available on the nutritional effects of the by-products of starfish and oil cake applied to horticultural crops. This study investigated the effects of oil cake and starfish fertilizers on the performance and fruit yield of organic black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot) in South Korea between 2020 (year 1) and 2021 (year 2). The treatments included the use of 0% pelletized oil cake with 100-fold diluted starfish (0OC+SF), 33% oil cake with starfish (33OC+SF), 66% oil cake with starfish (66OC+SF), and 100% oil cake (100OC). The soil electrical conductivity, organic matter, and concentrations of total nitrogen (T-N) and P 2 O 5 were found to be not significantly different between the treatment plots in years 1 and 2. The 66OC+SF and 100OC treatments increased foliar T-N concentrations in both years. Seasonal SPAD in the leaves increased in the 66OC+SF and 100OC treated bushes in August of year 1 and in June and September of year 2. The 0OC+SF treatment lowered the canopy volume, number of canes, and the sum of cane diameters, followed by 33OC+SF, which decreased the shoot and leaf growth but received a high light intensity from the canopy in year 2. The 66OC+SF treatment increased the fruit yield in both years, followed by the 100OC treatment. The total dry weight was determined to be greatest for the 100OC treatment bushes in year 2, while the highest fruit yield efficiency was observed for the 66OC+SF bushes. The 0OC treatment reduced the fruit length and diameter, the fresh weight, and the soluble solid content but increased the fruit surface color of lightness and yellowing. The 66OC+SF treatment was determined to be the optimum application source for moderately high leaf T-N and SPAD levels, medium-sized production of bushes, and overall high fruit productivity of black chokeberry crops.

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Section: Bush Performancesupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on the Growth and Fruit Yield of Black Chokeberry Trees

Park,

Choi

2024

HST

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“…Changes in pigmentation are markers for certain developmental stages and the physiological status of fruit, crucial for optimal storage and postharvest management [ 22 ]. The blueberry fruit color is mainly a result of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation [ 10 , 11 ]. Throughout the growth and development of "Powderblue" blueberry fruits, the color transitions from green to yellow to red, gradually deepening the red color until the fruit turns blue-black.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blueberry fruit's morphological characteristics directly affect its market value and economic benefits. Different blueberry varieties have distinct fruit morphologies, with the blueberry fruit color being primarily regulated by the accumulation of anthocyanins [ 10 , 11 ]. The growth curve of the fruit describes the dynamic changes in fruit development and corresponds to the growth pattern of the fruit after ovary fertilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological characteristics of blueberry fruit development

Wan,

Wu,

Sun

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Using the blueberry cultivar "Powderblue" after pollination, fruits at different developmental stages were collected for study. The transverse and longitudinal diameters, individual fruit weight, and fruit water content were measured during their development. Employing tissue sectioning and microscopy techniques, we systematically studied the morphological features and anatomical structures of the fruits and seeds at various developmental stages, aiming to elucidate the cytological patterns during blueberry fruit development. The results of our study revealed that the "Powderblue" blueberry fruit growth and development followed a double "S" curve. Mature "Powderblue" blueberries were blue-black in color, elliptical in shape, with five locules, an inferior ovary, and an average fruit weight of 1.73 ± 0.17 g, and a moisture content of 78.865 ± 0.9%. Blueberry fruit flesh cells were densely arranged with no apparent intercellular spaces, and mesocarp cells accounted for 52.06 ± 7.4% of fruit cells. In the early fruit development stages, the fruit flesh cells were rapidly dividing, significantly increasing in number but without greatly affecting the fruit's morphological characteristics. During the later stages of fruit development, the expansion of the fruit flesh cells became prominent, resulting in a noticeable increase in the fruit's dimensions. Except for the epidermal cells, cells in all fruit tissues showed varying degrees of rupture as fruit development progressed, with the extent of cell rupture increasing, becoming increasingly apparent as the fruit gradually softened. Additionally, numerous brachysclereids (stone cells) appeared in the fruit flesh cells. Stone cells are mostly present individually in the fruit flesh tissue, while in the placental tissue, they often group together. The "Powderblue" blueberry seeds were light brown, 4.13 ± 0.42 mm long, 2.2 ± 0.14 mm wide, with each fruit containing 50–60 seeds. The "Powderblue" seeds mainly consisted of the seed coat, endosperm, and embryo. The embryo was located at the chalazal end in the center of the endosperm and was spatially separated. The endosperm, occupying the vast majority of the seed volume, comprised both the chalazal and outer endosperm, and the endosperm developed and matured before the embryo. As the seed developed, the seed coat was gradually lignified and consisted of palisade-like stone cells externally and epidermal layer cells internally.

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“…The expression of related genes in the metabolic pathway of anthocyanin pre-synthesis is regulated by light intensity ( Zhang et al., 2018 ). It was found that the expression of structural and regulatory genes in the anthocyanin synthesis and metabolism pathway was up-regulated in plants with increased anthocyanin content under high light conditions, while in low light or dark conditions, anthocyanin-related genes were not expressed or their expression was down-regulated leading to a significant decrease in anthocyanin ( An et al., 2023 ). Similar to the results of the present study, PAL, CHS and CHI activities in celery increased and then decreased with increasing light intensity in a certain light intensity range under different light intensity conditions ( Figure 5A–C ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of light intensity on celery growth and flavonoid synthesis

Qin,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Light is one of the important environmental factors affecting the growth and development of facility vegetables. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of different light intensities on the growth, nutritional quality and flavonoid accumulation of celery under hydroponic and full LED light conditions. Four light intensities of 40, 100, 200, or 300 µmol·m-2·s-1 were set up in the experiment, and three harvest periods were set up on the basis of different light intensities, which were 15, 30, and 45 d after treatment (labeled as S1, S2, and S3, respectively). The results showed that the plant height and aboveground biomass of celery increased with the increase of light intensity, and the light intensity of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 was beneficial to increase the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenols, vitamin C, cellulose, total flavones and apigenin in celery. During the S1-S3 period, the activities of PAL, CHS, CHI and ANS increased gradually under 200 and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1 light intensity treatments, and the activities of FNS and CHS enzymes were the highest under 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 light intensity treatment. The expression and ANS activity of Ag3GT, a key gene for anthocyanin synthesis, reached the maximum value at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, and the expression level and FNS activity of AgFNS, a key gene for apigenin synthesis, reached a maximum value at 200 μmol·m-2·s-1. In general, the anthocyanin content was the highest at 300 μmol·m-2·s-1, and the apigenin content was the highest at 200 μmol·m-2·s-1. In conclusion, light intensity of 200 µmol·m-2·s-1 treatment was more favorable for celery growth and nutrient synthesis.

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Physiological response of anthocyanin synthesis to different light intensities in blueberry

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on the Growth and Fruit Yield of Black Chokeberry Trees

Effect of Organic Nutrient Sources on the Growth and Fruit Yield of Black Chokeberry Trees

Cytological characteristics of blueberry fruit development

Effect of light intensity on celery growth and flavonoid synthesis

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