Physiological requirements for wheat ideotypes in response to drought threat

Abstract

Understanding the theoretical aspects of crops drought resistance is fundamental for maintaining the present rate of yield growth which is the key factor in the prospect of increasing world population. Achievements in plant physiology and biochemistry uncovered many metabolic pathways and defined indicators of plant resistance to environmental stresses. Genetic research contributed to discoveries of gene regulation in stress tolerance. As the result of fast development of genetics, phenomics became a holdup of further functional research. In this paper, problems related to phenotype requirements for crops cultivation in drought threatened areas will be presented against the background of achievements in metabolomics and genomics. Theoretical speculations of Blum on crop water use efficiency will be examined against the results of Sirius simulation with HadCM3 climate projections and against practical phenological requirements for present crops.

Influence of Field Soil Drought Stress on Some Key Physiological, Yield and Quality Traits of Selected Newly-Developed Hexaploid Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

“…We compared the growth, some key physiological traits and grain yield and quality of newly-developed wheat cultivars under normal irrigation and drought conditions. The photosynthetic activities are the primary determinants for crop productivity and increasing photosynthesis rate has been recognized as a key trait to increased crop yields (Driever et al 2014;Raines 2011;Rybka & Nita 2015). In our study, the cultivars varied in gas exchange activities under normal irrigation conditions.…”

Phenomics analysis of drought responses in Miscanthus collected from different geographical locations

“…The experiment demonstrated the potential of phenomics to measure biomass accumulation and WUE in a tall energy grass. It is, therefore, an appropriate technology to help mitigate the bottleneck of phenotyping and bridge the gap between high‐throughput genomics and phenotyping (Furbank & Tester, ; Tuberosa, ; Cobb et al ., ; Großkinsky et al ., ; Rybka & Nita, ).…”

Salinity tolerance is related to cyanide‐resistant alternative respiration in Medicago truncatula under sudden severe stress

“…The improved response to 1 day of salt stress in TN6.18 coincides with increased levels of metabolites such as amino, organic acids and other metabolites such as glycerol (Table ) in agreement with previous observations in salt tolerant barley cultivar (Widodo et al ., ), or in Catharanthus roseus under 250 mM NaCl (Chang et al ., ). These metabolites have been considered as osmoprotectors (Sairam & Tyagi, ; Amini & Ehsanpour, ; Abhilash et al ., ; Rybka & Nita, ), and they have also shown to be genotype dependent, taking part of osmotic adjustment to tolerate salinity (Marschner, ; Shabala ; Munns and Gilliham, ; Flowers et al , ). The increased level of osmoregulatory intermediates observed in TN6.18 after 1 day of sudden severe salt treatment (Table ) may be a consequence of a higher TCA cycle flux which would be favoured by the increased rate of mitochondrial electron transport observed in TN6.18 (Fig.…”