Physiological Pharmaceutics

Washington, N.; Washington, C.; Wilson, Clive G.

doi:10.1201/9780203483701

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…The compression forces used during compression were kept constant. The weight of each tablet was controlled to about 500 mg. 20 Mu, Tobyn, and Staniforth…”

Section: Tablet Preparationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[26] pH and ionic strength are known to be two major properties of GI fluids due to GI secretions, and both are extremely variable along different parts of GIT and from fasted to fed state, particularly the pH in the stomach. [20,27] Given these features of GI fluids and the potential influence of pH and ionic strength on the gel properties of XG/LBG systems as analyzed above, it is important to examine the effects of pH and ionic strength on drug-release behavior of this heterodisperse polysaccharide-based controlled release system (HPCRS). As a result, this may somehow help predict a possible in vivo performance of the HPCRS in a changing environment of GIT under both fasting and fed conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18,19] Certain hydrophilic matrix formulations have been shown to erode in the GIT much faster postprandially than under fasting conditions, which differ significantly from those pertaining under fed conditions. [20][21][22][23] However, there are few reports giving a clear explanation for what caused the modification of drug release and absorption from such hydrophilic matrix systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Influence of Physiological Variables on the In Vitro Drug-Release Behavior of a Polysaccharide Matrix Controlled-Release System

Xiao-hong

Tobyn

Staniforth

2003

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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“…The compression forces used during compression were kept constant. The weight of each tablet was controlled to about 500 mg. 20 Mu, Tobyn, and Staniforth…”

Section: Tablet Preparationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Physiological Variables on the In Vitro Drug-Release Behavior of a Polysaccharide Matrix Controlled-Release System

Xiao-hong

Tobyn

Staniforth

2003

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy

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“…Unlike the limited surface area available for drug absorption (approximately 180 cm 2 ) in the nasal cavity, the lung offers a large surface area for drug absorption (approximately 75 m 2 ) [1]. In addition, the alveolar epithelium is very thin (approximately 0.1-0.5 μm thick) [2], thereby permitting rapid drug absorption. The alveoli can be effectively targeted for drug absorption by delivering the drug as an aerosol, with mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) less than 5 μm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The lung as a route for systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides

Ugwoke²,

et al. 2001

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CsA = cyclosporin A; dDAVP = 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin; DPI = dry-powder inhaler; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; hGH = human growth hormone; MDI = metered-dose inhaler; MMAD = mass median aerodynamic diameter; PTH = parathyroid hormone; r-Con-IFN = recombinant-methionyl interferon consensus; r-huG-CSF = recombinant-methionyl human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; TI = technosphere-insulin formulation; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone.Available online http://respiratory-research.com/content/2/4/198 IntroductionThe techniques of recombinant DNA technology have been well refined during the past 20 years such that it is now possible to produce, under good manufacturing practice conditions, commercial quantities of therapeutic peptides and proteins. It is expected that, during the next decade, an even greater number of molecular targets will be identified for treatment of various diseases. These are exciting developments, not only for scientists, but also for patients, because such biotherapeutic agents are very specific in their actions, and thus will greatly improve the quality of life for the majority of patients.Hundreds of bioengineered proteins and peptides are either already on the market or are undergoing clinical investigation; these include growth factors, hormones, monoclonal antibodies, cytokines and anti-infective agents, among others. However, these compounds have unusual characteristics that present considerable challenges to formulation scientists. The combination of their large molecular size, hydrophilicity and lability (both chemical and enzymatic) virtually exclude their formulation in traditional dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. Consequently, most proteins and peptides currently on the market are injectable. AbstractThe large surface area, good vascularization, immense capacity for solute exchange and ultra-thinness of the alveolar epithelium are unique features of the lung that can facilitate systemic delivery via pulmonary administration of peptides and proteins. Physical and biochemical barriers, lack of optimal dosage forms and delivery devices limit the systemic delivery of biotherapeutic agents by inhalation. Current efforts to overcome these difficulties in order to deliver metabolic hormones (insulin, calcitonin, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] and growth hormones) systemically, to induce systemic responses (immunoglobulins, cyclosporin A [CsA], recombinantmethionyl human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [r-huG-CSF], pancreatic islet autoantigen) and to modulate other biological processes via the lung are reviewed. Safety aspects of pulmonary peptide and protein administration are also discussed.

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“…One of the typical preservatives used in the ophthalmic form is benzalkonium chloride [1][2][3][4][5], a bacteriostatic agent. Benzalkonium chloride (BKC), a quaternary ammonium compound, is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride of the formula [C 6 H 5 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 R]Cl, where R is an alkyl group varying from C 8 H 17 to C 18 H 37 [6] (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%