Physiological Parameter Values for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

Brown, Ronald P.; Delp, Michael D.; Lindstedt, Stan L.; Rhomberg, Lorenz R.; Beliles, Robert P.

doi:10.1177/074823379701300401

Cited by 1,224 publications

(1,051 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Five blood volume fractions in the range 1–30 ml/100g were considered, including values typical for muscle (BV = 1 ml/100g30, HNSCC (BV = 5 ml/100g31, and highly vascular tumors (BV > 10 ml/100g24. Equation (1) was used to calculate sets of BV‐specific coefficients A*, B*, and C* and to plot the dependence of blood oxygen saturation on

T_{2}^{*}

values.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and sensitivity of measurements in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at 3T

Panek

Welsh

Dunlop

et al. 2016

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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PurposeTo determine whether quantitation of T2* is sufficiently repeatable and sensitive to detect clinically relevant oxygenation levels in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) at 3T.Materials and MethodsTen patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced HNSCC underwent two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans between 24 and 168 hours apart prior to chemoradiotherapy treatment. A multiple gradient echo sequence was used to calculate T2* maps. A quadratic function was used to model the blood transverse relaxation rate as a function of blood oxygenation. A set of published coefficients measured at 3T were incorporated to account for tissue hematocrit levels and used to plot the dependence of fractional blood oxygenation (Y) on T2* values, together with the corresponding repeatability range. Repeatability of T2* using Bland–Altman analysis, and calculation of limits of agreement (LoA), was used to assess the sensitivity, defined as the minimum difference in fractional blood oxygenation that can be confidently detected.Results T2* LoA for 22 outlined tumor volumes were 13%. The T2* dependence of fractional blood oxygenation increases monotonically, resulting in increasing sensitivity of the method with increasing blood oxygenation. For fractional blood oxygenation values above 0.11, changes in T2* were sufficient to detect differences in blood oxygenation greater than 10% (Δ T2* > LoA for ΔY > 0.1).ConclusionQuantitation of T2* at 3T can detect clinically relevant changes in tumor oxygenation within a wide range of blood volumes and oxygen tensions, including levels reported in HNSCC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:72–80.

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T_{2}^{*}

values.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and sensitivity of measurements in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at 3T

Panek

Welsh

Dunlop

et al. 2016

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Heart rate and cardiac output are greater in newborns than in older children and adults (Cayler et al, 1963;Sholler et al, 1987;Brown et al, 1997). This is in line with the general notion that animals with a smaller body size have a faster heart rate.…”

Section: Cardiac Outputmentioning

confidence: 57%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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“…and Rodgers and Rowland4 are listed in Table 2 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Physiologically Based Organ Models to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs in the Testes and the Thyroid Gland

Pilari

Gaub

Block

et al. 2017

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol.

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We extended a generic whole‐body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for rats and humans for organs of the reproductive and endocrine systems (i.e., the testes and the thyroid gland). An extensive literature search was performed, first, to determine the most generic organ model structures for testes and thyroid across species, and, second, to identify the corresponding anatomic and physiological parameters in rats and humans. The testes and thyroid organ models were implemented in the PBPK modeling software PK‐Sim and MoBi. The capability of the PBPK approach to simulate the testes and thyroid tissue concentration data was demonstrated using a series of test compounds. The presented organ model structures and parameterization yielded a close agreement between observed and simulated tissue concentrations over time. The organ models are ready to be used to predict the pharmacokinetics of passively entering drugs in the testes and thyroid tissue in a generic PBPK modeling framework.

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Physiological Parameter Values for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models

Cited by 1,224 publications

References 157 publications

Repeatability and sensitivity of measurements in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at 3T

Repeatability and sensitivity of measurements in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma at 3T

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Development of Physiologically Based Organ Models to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs in the Testes and the Thyroid Gland

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