Physiological Metrics of Mental Workload: A Review of Recent Progress

Kramer, Arthur F.

doi:10.21236/ada223701

Cited by 171 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Second, we assessed the mean blink rate (MBR). The relation between mental workload and blink rate has been unclear (Kramer, 1990;Recarte et al, 2008;Marquart, Cabrall & De Winter, 2015), and our aim was to clarify this relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Marquart

Winter

2015

PeerJ Computer Science

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Pupillometry is a promising method for assessing mental workload and could be helpful in the optimization of systems that involve human-computer interaction. The present study focuses on replicating the studies by Ahern (1978) and Klingner (2010), which found that for three levels of difficulty of mental multiplications, the more difficult multiplications yielded larger dilations of the pupil. Using a remote eye tracker, our research expands upon these two previous studies by statistically testing for each 1.5 s interval of the calculation period (1) the mean absolute pupil diameter (MPD), (2) the mean pupil diameter change (MPDC) with respect to the pupil diameter during the pre-stimulus accommodation period, and (3) the mean pupil diameter change rate (MPDCR). An additional novelty of our research is that we compared the pupil diameter measures with a self-report measure of workload, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), and with the mean blink rate (MBR). The results showed that the findings of Ahern and Klingner were replicated, and that the MPD and MPDC discriminated just as well between the lowest and highest difficulty levels as did the NASA-TLX. The MBR, on the other hand, did not differentiate between the difficulty levels. Moderate to strong correlations were found between the MPDC and the proportion of incorrect responses, indicating that the MPDC was higher for participants with a poorer performance. For practical applications, validity could be improved by combining pupillometry with other physiological techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The relation between mental workload and blink rate has been unclear in the literature (e.g., Kramer, 1990;Marquart, Cabrall & De Winter, 2015;Recarte et al, 2008). The results in the present study show that the MBR was slightly higher for Level 3 than for Levels 1 and 2.…”

Section: Blink Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Marquart

Winter

2015

PeerJ Computer Science

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“…Three frequency bands have been associated with different biological control mechanisms: the very low band (VLF, 0.02Hz ∼ 0.06Hz) is associated with body temperature regulation; the low band (LF, 0.07 Hz ∼ 0.14 Hz) is related to short-term arterial pressure regulation; and the high band (Hf, 0.15Hz ∼ 0.50Hz) reflects respiration activities. Previous studies have shown that there is a systematic and reliable relationship between the power in the LF band and mental demands [15]. Higher levels of mental workload have been associated with decreased power in the LF band.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Modality effects on cognitive load and performance in high-load information presentation

Cao

Theune

Nijholt

2009

Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces

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In this study, we argue that modality planning in multimodal presentation systems needs to consider the modality characteristics at not only the presentational level but also the cognitive level, especially in a situation where the information load is high and the user task is time-critical. As a first step towards automatic cognitive-aware modality planning, we integrated the effect of different modalities on cognitive load and performance, using a high-load information presentation scenario. Mainly based on modality-related psychology theories, we selected five modality conditions (text, image, text+image, text+speech, and text+sound) and made hypotheses about their effects on cognitive load. Modality effects were evaluated by two cognitive load measurements and two performance measurements. Results confirmed most of the predicted modality effects, and showed that these effects become significant when the information load and the task demand are high. The findings of this study suggest that it is highly necessary to encode modality-related principles of human cognition into the modality planning procedure for systems that support high-load human-computer interaction.

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“…The pupillary light reflex controls the diameter of the pupil in response to the intensity of any light that falls on the retina of the eye, thereby assisting in adapting to various levels of darkness and light (2008) [9]. The task-invoked pupillary response is caused by a person's cognitive load, as a result of the decrease in parasympathetic activity in the peripheral nervous system (1991) [10]. In driving studies, pupil diameter is often employed as a physiological measure of cognitive load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluation of Highway Tunnel-Entrance Illuminance Transition Based on Eye-Pupil Changes

Du¹,

Wan

et al. 2014

PROMET

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Physiological Metrics of Mental Workload: A Review of Recent Progress

Abstract: Publc reporing burden for this collection of information is eaimated to avenage I hour per wespoe including the ine for 'viwing intuctiom. searing existing data sources, gathering and maintaing the data needed. and completing and reviewing the collection of information.

Cited by 171 publications

References 91 publications

Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Modality effects on cognitive load and performance in high-load information presentation

Safety Evaluation of Highway Tunnel-Entrance Illuminance Transition Based on Eye-Pupil Changes

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