Physiological melatonin levels in healthy older people: A systematic review

Scholtens, Rikie M.; Munster, Barbara C. Van; Kempen, Marijn F. van; Rooij, Sophia E. J. A. de

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.05.005

Cited by 102 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Such an age-dependent biphasic drop in melatonin (a sharp decline followed by a more moderate drop) is characteristic not only of humans but was detected in rats and some other mammals as well [2]. An age-dependent decline in nighttime melatonin levels was also reported for both genders in a review which summarizes data of 18 studies analyzing melatonin levels in blood as a function of age [3]. Thus, the application of melatonin may partially alleviate age-related comorbidities exacerbating SARS-CoV-2 infection and increasing its risk [4,5].…”

Section: Elderly Have Reduced Level Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 80%

Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

Shneider

Kudriavtsev

Vakhrusheva

2020

International Reviews of Immunology

145

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The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing life-threatening danger to the elderly and people with diseases of chronic inflammation. Therefore, if we could reduce the risk for vulnerable populations, it would make the COVID-19 pandemic more similar to other typical outbreaks. Children don't suffer from COVID-19 as much as their grandparents and have a much higher melatonin level. Bats are nocturnal animals possessing high levels of melatonin, which may contribute to their high anti-viral resistance. Viruses induce an explosion of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and melatonin is the best natural antioxidant that is lost with age. The programmed cell death coronaviruses cause, which can result in significant lung damage, is also inhibited by melatonin. Coronavirus causes inflammation in the lungs which requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks these inflammasomes. General immunity is impaired by anxiety and sleep deprivation. Melatonin improves sleep habits, reduces anxiety and stimulates immunity. Fibrosis may be the most dangerous complication after COVID-19. Melatonin is known to prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary but yet imposes risks due to oxidative stress, which can be reduced by melatonin. Thus, by using the safe over-the-counter drug melatonin, we may be immediately able to prevent the development of severe disease symptoms in coronavirus patients, reduce the severity of their symptoms, and/or reduce the immuno-pathology of coronavirus infection on patients' health after the active phase of the infection is over. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Elderly Have Reduced Level Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 80%

Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

Shneider

Kudriavtsev

Vakhrusheva

2020

International Reviews of Immunology

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Melatonin level reaches its peak between 01: 00 and 04: 00 h with a focal point of 03: 00 h [19]. Although melatonin level shows a constant rhythmic amplitude in each individual, there are large differences across different individuals [20].…”

Section: Melatonin Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Depression: Molecular Regulation of Melatonin Homeostasis – Current Status

Dmitrzak‐Węglarz

Reszka

2017

Neuropsychobiology

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Circadian rhythm alterations resulting in disturbed sleep and disturbed melatonin secretion are flagship features of depression. Melatonin, known as a hormone of darkness, is secreted by the pineal gland located near to the center of the brain between the two hemispheres. Melatonin has an antidepressant effect by maintaining the body’s circadian rhythm, by regulating the pattern of expression of the clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and modifying the key genes of serotoninergic neurotransmission that are linked with a depressive mood. Melatonin is produced via the metabolism of serotonin in two steps which are catalyzed by serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT). Serotonin, SNAT, and ASMT are key melatonin level regulation factors. Melatonin acts mainly on the MT₁ and MT₂ receptors, which are present in the SCN, to regulate physiological and neuroendocrine functions including circadian entrainment, referred to as a chronobiotic effect. Although melatonin has been known about and refereed to for almost 50 years, the relationship between melatonin and depression is still not clear. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the genetic and epigenetic regulation of enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis and metabolism as potential features of depression pathophysiology and treatment. Confirmation that melatonin metabolism in peripheral blood partially reflects a disorder in the brain could be a breakthrough in the standardization of measurements of melatonin level for the development of treatment standards, finding new therapeutic targets, and elaborating simple noninvasive clinical tests.

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“…Melatonin is approved by the FDA as a dietary supplement and readily available over the counter, commonly prescribed for treatment of insomnia. Studies report that plasma melatonin levels are significantly decreased in subjects with AD, showing a negative association with cognitive function, and a significant reduction is found even in healthy elderly [93,94,95]. In a rat model of sporadic AD, melatonin was demonstrated to prevent memory loss by attenuating amyloidosis and neurodegeneration [96].…”

Section: Antioxidants Cognitive Decline and Blood-brain Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants and Dementia Risk: Consideration through a Cerebrovascular Perspective

2016

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A number of natural and chemical compounds that exert anti-oxidative properties are demonstrated to be beneficial for brain and cognitive function, and some are reported to reduce the risk of dementia. However, the detailed mechanisms by which those anti-oxidative compounds show positive effects on cognition and dementia are still unclear. An emerging body of evidence suggests that the integrity of the cerebrovascular blood-brain barrier (BBB) is centrally involved in the onset and progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. While recent studies revealed that some anti-oxidative agents appear to be protective against the disruption of BBB integrity and structure, few studies considered the neuroprotective effects of antioxidants in the context of cerebrovascular integrity. Therefore, in this review, we examine the mechanistic insights of antioxidants as a pleiotropic agent for cognitive impairment and dementia through a cerebrovascular axis by primarily focusing on the current available data from physiological studies. Conclusively, there is a compelling body of evidence that suggest antioxidants may prevent cognitive decline and dementia by protecting the integrity and function of BBB and, indeed, further studies are needed to directly examine these effects in addition to underlying molecular mechanisms.

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Physiological melatonin levels in healthy older people: A systematic review

Cited by 102 publications

References 49 publications

Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?

Pathophysiology of Depression: Molecular Regulation of Melatonin Homeostasis – Current Status

Antioxidants and Dementia Risk: Consideration through a Cerebrovascular Perspective

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