Physiological Mechanisms Inherent to Diabetes Involved in the Development of Dementia: Alzheimer’s Disease

Mohamed-Mohamed, Himan; García-Morales, Victoria; Sánchez Lara, Encarnación María; González-Acedo, Anabel; Pardo-Moreno, Teresa; Tovar-Gálvez, María Isabel; Melguizo-Rodríguez, Lucía; Ramos-Rodríguez, Juan José

doi:10.3390/neurolint15040079

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 203 publications

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“…Hyperglycemia adversely affects the cerebral vasculature and promotes cognitive deterioration and dementia [ 55 ]. Insulin regulates energy metabolism, which in turn influences glucose homeostasis, redox balance, osmolarity, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.…”

Section: Hyperglycemia and Cognitive Decline Due To Astrocyte Dysfunc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells

Chavda,

Yadav,

Patel

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

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Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition associated with high levels of blood glucose which leads to serious damage to the heart, kidney, eyes, and nerves. Elevated blood glucose levels damage brain function and cognitive abilities. They also lead to various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. High neuronal glucose levels can cause drastic neuronal damage due to glucose neurotoxicity. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, play a vital role in maintaining brain glucose levels through neuron–astrocyte coupling. Hyperglycemia leads to progressive decline in neuronal networks and cognitive impairment, contributing to neuronal dysfunction and fostering a neurodegenerative environment. In this review, we summarize the various connections, functions, and impairments of glial cells due to metabolic dysfunction in the diabetic brain. We also summarize the effects of hyperglycemia on various neuronal functions in the diabetic brain.

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Section: Hyperglycemia and Cognitive Decline Due To Astrocyte Dysfunc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells

Chavda,

Yadav,

Patel

et al. 2024

Brain Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Links

Konukoglu

2024

Alzheimer’s Disease From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practices

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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are major public health concerns with growing socioeconomic impacts due to increasing life expectancy. AD is marked by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein tangles in the brain, leading to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline. T2DM is characterized by insulin secretion defects and insulin resistance, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels and associated vascular complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. In this chapter it has been explaned the strong link between AD and T2DM, despite their apparent differences. Both diseases share risk factors like aging, obesity, apolipoprotein E4 presence, elevated cholesterol, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, a hallmark of T2DM, is increasingly seen as a critical factor in AD development, leading to the concept of "type 3 diabetes." The relationship between diabetes and cognitive function is crucial as cognitive deficits can impair diabetes management and independence. Diabetes-specific risk factors and comorbidities, especially the duration of diabetes, are linked to cognitive dysfunction. Chronic hyperglycemia significantly increases dementia risk, with elevated postprandial glucose levels correlating with more severe cognitive impairment. T2DM patients often have higher plasma levels of Aβ peptides, which are involved in AD pathology. Insulin dysregulation in diabetes may affect Aβ production and clearance, raising extracellular Aβ levels.

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Physiological Mechanisms Inherent to Diabetes Involved in the Development of Dementia: Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 2 publications

References 203 publications

Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells

Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells

Alzheimer’s Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Links

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