Physiological Mechanism of Internode Bending Growth After the Excision of Shoot Sheath in Fargesia yunnanensis and Its Implications for Understanding the Rapid Growth of Bamboos

et al. 2021

Forests

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Guttation is the process of exudating droplets from the tips, edges, and adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the undamaged leaves. Guttation is a natural and spontaneous biological phenomenon that occurs in a wide variety of plants. Despite its generally positive effect on plant growth, many aspects of this cryptic process are unknown. In this study, the guttation phenomenon characteristic of bamboo shoots and the anatomical feature of these and culm sheaths were systematically observed. In addition, the water transport pathway and the compounds in guttation droplets of bamboo shoots were analyzed, and the effect of bamboo sheaths’ guttation on the growth of bamboo shoots was assessed. The results revealed that bamboo shoots began to exudate liquid in the evening through to the next morning, during which period the volume of guttation liquid gradually increases and then decreases before sunrise. Many vascular bundles are in bamboo shoots and culm sheaths to facilitate this water transport. The exudate liquid contains organic acids, sugars, and hormones, among other compounds. Our findings suggest that the regular guttation of the sheath blade is crucial to maintain the normal growth of bamboo shoots.

Section: Bamboo Sheath Affects Internode Growthsupporting

confidence: 53%

The Effect of Guttation on the Growth of Bamboo Shoots

Zheng

Cai

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…Sugar can promote auxin biosynthesis, and auxin and sugar signaling pathways can synergistically regulate growth ( Sairanen et al, 2012 ; Li et al, 2020 ). In bamboo, sucrose, glucose, and starch distribution trends are similar, and these are distributed in the thin-walled cells surrounding mature vascular bundle cells ( Wang et al, 2020 ). These results are consistent with the auxin distribution observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the high sugar content of culm sheaths, which regulate shoot growth with rapid senescence, the sheaths also serve as a control center for water and assimilate transport during the rapid growth of bamboo shoots. To investigate the effect of culm sheaths on the fast growth of moso bamboo, we also conducted stripping experiment and found that their growth slowed and tended to stop after partial stripping ( Supplementary Figures S2 , S5 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2021 ). However, the regulatory role of culm sheaths via phytohormones has not been explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights Into the Local Auxin Biosynthesis and Its Effects on the Rapid Growth of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

Cai

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Auxin plays a crucial regulatory role in higher plants, but systematic studies on the location of auxin local biosynthesis are rare in bamboo and other graminaceous plants. We studied moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), which can grow up to 1 m/day and serves as a reference species for bamboo and other fast-growing species. We selected young tissues such as root tips, shoot tips, young culm sheaths, sheath blades, and internode divisions for local auxin biosynthesis site analysis. IAA immunofluorescence localization revealed that auxin was similarly distributed in different stages of 50-cm and 300-cm bamboo shoots. Shoot tips had the highest auxin content, and it may be the main site of auxin biosynthesis in the early stage of rapid growth. A total of 22 key genes in the YUCCA family for auxin biosynthesis were identified by genome-wide identification, and these had obvious tissue-specific and spatio-temporal expression patterns. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that the localization of YUCCA genes was highly consistent with the distribution of auxin. Six major auxin synthesis genes, PheYUC3-1, PheYUC6-1, PheYUC6-3, PheYUC9-1, PheYUC9-2, and PheYUC7-3, were obtained that may have regulatory roles in auxin accumulation during moso bamboo growth. Culm sheaths were found to serve as the main local sites of auxin biosynthesis and the auxin required for internode elongation may be achieved mainly by auxin transport.

“…Sugar is an important source of energy for plant growth and development. Studies have shown that sugar plays an important role in promoting bamboo internode elongation [ 11 , 12 ]. However, before height growth is completed, there are only culm sheaths on bamboo shoots and no branches or leaves [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis, Phytohormone Signaling and Sugar Catabolism in the Culm Sheaths of Phyllostachys edulis

Zheng

et al. 2022

Plants

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Culm sheaths play an important role in supporting and protecting bamboo shoots during the growth and development period. The physiological and molecular functions of bamboo sheaths during the growth of bamboo shoots remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological anatomy of culm sheaths, photosynthesis in sheath blades, storage and distribution of sugars, and the transcriptome of the sheath. Respiration in the base of the culm sheath was higher than that in the sheath blades; chloroplasts matured with the development of the sheath blades, the fluorescence efficiency Fv/Fm value increased from 0.3 to 0.82; and sucrose and hexose accumulated in the sheath blade and the culm sheath. The sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents of the middle sheath blades were 10.66, 5.73, and 8.84 mg/g FW, respectively. Starches accumulated in parenchymal cells close to vascular bundles. Genes related to the plant hormone signaling pathway and sugar catabolism were highly expressed in the culm sheath base. These findings provide a research basis for further understanding the possible role of bamboo sheaths in the growth and development of bamboo shoots.