Physiological impacts of acute Cu exposure on deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus under a deep-sea mining activity scenario

Martins, Inês; Goulart, Joana; Martins, Eva; Morales-Román, Rosa M.; Marín, Sergio; Riou, Virginie; Colaço, Ana; Bettencourt, Raúl

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.004

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…LC 50 values for Cd ranged between 521 and 548 µmol/L for shrimp (Brown et al, 2017a). Experiments are usually carried out with spiked Cu and Cd concentrations in the µmol/L range (Auguste et al, 2016;Martins et al, 2017;Mevenkamp et al, 2017). Trace metals are an important part of the biogeochemical cycle of the surface sediment and should be well understood before mining commences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical Regeneration of a Nodule Mining Disturbance Site: Trace Metals, DOC and Amino Acids in Deep-Sea Sediments and Pore Waters

et al. 2018

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Increasing interest in deep-sea mineral resources, such as polymetallic nodules, calls for environmental research about possible impacts of mineral exploitation on the deep-sea ecosystem. So far, little geochemical comparisons of deep-sea sediments before and after mining induced disturbances have been made, and thus long-term environmental effects of deep-sea mining are unknown. Here we present geochemical data from sediment cores from an experimental disturbance area at 4,100 m water depth in the Peru Basin. The site was revisited in 2015, 26 years after a disturbance experiment mimicking nodule mining was carried out and compared to sites outside the experimental zone which served as a pre-disturbance reference. We investigated if signs of the disturbance are still visible in the solid phase and the pore water after 26 years or if pre-disturbance conditions have been re-established. Additionally, a new disturbance was created during the cruise and sampled 5 weeks later to compare short-and longer-term impacts. The particulate fraction and pore water were analyzed for major and trace elements to study element distribution and processes in the surface sediment. Pore water and bottom water samples were also analyzed for oxygen, nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved amino acids, to examine organic matter degradation processes. The study area of about 11 km 2 was found to be naturally more heterogeneous than expected, requiring an analysis of spatial variability before the disturbed and undisturbed sites can be compared. The disturbed sites exhibit various disturbance features: some surface sediments were mixed through, others had the top layer removed and some had additional material deposited on top. Pore water constituents have largely regained pre-disturbance gradients after 26 years. The solid phase, however, shows clear differences between disturbed and undisturbed sites in the top 20 cm so that the impact is still visible in the plowed tracks after 26 years. Especially the upper layer, usually rich in manganese-oxide Paul et al.Biogeochemical Regeneration After Mining Disturbance and associated metals, such as Mo, Ni, Co, and Cu, shows substantial differences in metal distribution. Hence, it can be expected that disturbances from polymetallic nodule mining will have manifold and long-lasting impacts on the geochemistry of the underlying sediment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemical Regeneration of a Nodule Mining Disturbance Site: Trace Metals, DOC and Amino Acids in Deep-Sea Sediments and Pore Waters

et al. 2018

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“…In the mussel B. azoricus, although lipid peroxidation was identified in several tissues, gills were more affected whilst mantle and digestive gland were found to be more resilient (Martins et al, 2017). This differential response may be related to the prominent role of the gill in harboring chemosynthetic symbionts and located at the interface between the internal milieu and external vent environment.…”

Section: Sub-lethal Impacts Of Chronic Exposure Should Be Consideredmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Reactive species are variously detoxified by enzymes including: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidases (PEROXs) (e.g., Company et al, 2004Company et al, , 2006aCompany et al, ,b, 2007Company et al, , 2008Bebianno et al, 2005;Gonzalez-Rey et al, 2008). Recently, Auguste et al (2016), Martins et al (2017) and Mestre et al (2017) have assessed the potential sub-lethal impacts of exposure to dissolved metals specifically in a range of deep sea species, including molluscs and echinoderms that do not inhabit metal-rich environments, and molluscs and crustaceans from hydrothermal-vent habitats; habitats that are naturally metal rich. For example, copper concentrations from the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus habitat on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) have been recorded between 0.17 µM at ∼850 m water depth at Menez Gwen to 2 µM at ∼2,300 m water depth at Rainbow (Kádár et al, 2005) hydrothermal vent sites.…”

Section: Sub-lethal Impacts Of Chronic Exposure Should Be Consideredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Toxic Impacts of Metals Potentially Released during Deep-Sea Mining—A Synthesis of the Challenges to Quantifying Risk

et al. 2017

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In January 2017, the International Seabed Authority released a discussion paper on the development of Environmental Regulations for deep-sea mining (DSM) within the Area Beyond National Jurisdiction (the "Area"). With the release of this paper, the prospect for commercial mining in the Area within the next decade has become very real. Moreover, within nations' Exclusive Economic Zones, the exploitation of deep-sea mineral ore resources could take place on very much shorter time scales and, indeed, may have already started. However, potentially toxic metal mixtures may be released at sea during different stages of the mining process and in different physical phases (dissolved or particulate). As toxicants, metals can disrupt organism physiology and performance, and therefore may impact whole populations, leading to ecosystem scale effects. A challenge to the prediction of toxicity is that deep-sea ore deposits include complex mixtures of minerals, including potentially toxic metals such as copper, cadmium, zinc, and lead, as well as rare earth elements. Whereas the individual toxicity of some of these dissolved metals has been established in laboratory studies, the complex and variable mineral composition of seabed resources makes the a priori prediction of the toxic risk of DSM extremely challenging. Furthermore, although extensive data quantify the toxicity of metals in solution in shallow-water organisms, these may not be representative of the toxicity in deep-sea organisms, which may differ biochemically and physiologically and which will experience those toxicants under conditions of low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, and potentially altered pH. In this synthesis, we present a summation of recent advances in our understanding of the potential toxic impacts of metal exposure to deep-sea meio-to megafauna at low temperature and high pressure, and consider the limitation of deriving lethal limits based on the paradigm Hauton et al.Identifying Toxic Impacts of Deep-Sea Mining of exposure to single metals in solution. We consider the potential for long-term and farfield impacts to key benthic invertebrates, including the very real prospect of sub-lethal impacts and behavioral perturbation of exposed species. In conclusion, we advocate the adoption of an existing practical framework for characterizing bulk resource toxicity in advance of exploitation.

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“…Marine mussels are exceptionally well adapted to live in coastal marine habitats, where they are exposed to fluctuating environmental conditions and elevated levels of natural and anthropogenic pollutants. For these reasons, they possess an antioxidant system that plays a key role in their remarkable capacity for acclimation [16][17][18]. In this study, the mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) was studied due to its relevant position as a pollution sentinel species in estuaries and coastal waters, where it is used in pollution monitoring programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) was studied due to its relevant position as a pollution sentinel species in estuaries and coastal waters, where it is used in pollution monitoring programs. Mussels are filter-feeders, which results in the accumulation of high levels of contaminants in their tissues, sometimes well over concentrations found in the water column [17]. In health assessment, mussels are used to measure biological endpoints that could provide information about the level of exposure to pollutants, or the effects of such exposures [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametogenesis-Related Fluctuations in Ovothiol Levels in the Mantle of Mussels from Different Estuaries: Fighting Oxidative Stress for Spawning in Polluted Waters

et al. 2020

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Reactive oxygen species present a challenge for marine organisms releasing gametes into the water. Thiol-containing molecules protect cells against oxidative stress, and ovothiol (OSH), an antioxidant-reducing mercaptohistidine, has been described as especially relevant in the oocytes of marine invertebrates. Ovothiol synthase (ovoA), in charge of the first step in OSH synthesis, was sequenced in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Transcription levels of ovoA in mantle did not significantly change along the reproductive cycle. No alterations of ovoA transcription were observed after a laboratory copper (10 µg/L) exposure or in mussels captured in a highly polluted site. Conversely, the metabolomic analysis of the hydrophilic metabolite content in mantle clearly classified mussels according to their site of origin, especially at the most advanced stages of oogenesis. Quantification of OSH-A and -B and glutathione (GSH), revealed stable levels in mantle at early gametogenesis in the unpolluted sampling site, but a strong increase in female mantle previous to spawning in the polluted site. These increased concentrations under pollution suggest that OSH-A accumulates along oogenesis, independent of gene transcription regulation. The concerted accumulation of OSH-A and GSH suggests the building of a balanced cellular redox-system to scavenge ROS produced in the oocyte before and during fertilization.

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Physiological impacts of acute Cu exposure on deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus under a deep-sea mining activity scenario

Cited by 40 publications

References 58 publications

Biogeochemical Regeneration of a Nodule Mining Disturbance Site: Trace Metals, DOC and Amino Acids in Deep-Sea Sediments and Pore Waters

Biogeochemical Regeneration of a Nodule Mining Disturbance Site: Trace Metals, DOC and Amino Acids in Deep-Sea Sediments and Pore Waters

Identifying Toxic Impacts of Metals Potentially Released during Deep-Sea Mining—A Synthesis of the Challenges to Quantifying Risk

Gametogenesis-Related Fluctuations in Ovothiol Levels in the Mantle of Mussels from Different Estuaries: Fighting Oxidative Stress for Spawning in Polluted Waters

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