Physiological Functions of Threonine in Animals: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism

Tang, Qi; Tan, Peng; Ma, Ning; Ma, Xi

doi:10.3390/nu13082592

Cited by 78 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(157 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, DFs have been found to increase the number of mucinproducing goblet cells. Mucus contains a high concentration of mucin (a threoninerich glycopro tein) that becomes scarce during high mucus production [39]. The IECs are enclosed by a mucus layer, thus keeping the bacteria away from mucosa deterioration [40].…”

Section: Interaction Of Dietary Fibers With Gut Mucusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial short-chain fatty acids: a bridge between dietary fibers and poultry gut health — A review

Ali

et al. 2022

Anim Biosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The maintenance of poultry gut health is complex depending on the intricate balance among diet, the commensal microbiota, and the mucosa, including the gut epithelium and the superimposing mucus layer. Changes in microflora composition and abundance can confer beneficial or detrimental effects on fowl. Antibiotics have devastating impacts on altering the landscape of gut microbiota, which further leads to antibiotic resistance or spread the pathogenic populations. By eliciting the landscape of gut microbiota, strategies should be made to break down the regulatory signals of pathogenic bacteria. The optional strategy of conferring dietary fibers (DFs) can be used to counterbalance the gut microbiota. DFs are the non-starch carbohydrates indigestible by host endogenous enzymes but can be fermented by symbiotic microbiota to produce shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs). This is one of the primary modes through which the gut microbiota interacts and communicate with the host. The majority of SCFAs are produced in the large intestine (particularly in the caecum), where they are taken up by the enterocytes or transported through portal vein circulation into the bloodstream. Recent shreds of evidence have elucidated that SCFAs affect the gut and modulate the tissues and organs either by activating G-protein-coupled receptors or affecting epigenetic modifications in the genome through inducing histone acetylase activities and inhibiting histone deacetylases. Thus, in this way, SCFAs vastly influence poultry health by promoting energy regulation, mucosal integrity, immune homeostasis, and immune maturation. In this review article, we will focus on DFs, which directly interact with gut microbes and lead to the production of SCFAs. Further, we will discuss the current molecular mechanisms of how SCFAs are generated, transported, and modulated the pro-and anti-inflammatory immune responses against pathogens and host physiology and gut health.

show abstract

Section: Interaction Of Dietary Fibers With Gut Mucusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial short-chain fatty acids: a bridge between dietary fibers and poultry gut health — A review

Ali

et al. 2022

Anim Biosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Threonine is an essential amino acid involved in lipid metabolism and protein synthesis. 57 Moreover, animal models have shown that threonine also participates in cell proliferation and differentiation, regulating chromosomal DNA replication and the cell cycle process. 58 Thus, it seems logical that threonine plays an important role in spermatogenesis, however, there are no human studies evaluating the association between seminal threonine levels and male infertility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of semen analysis parameter improvement after varicocoelectomy using 1 H NMR‐based metabonomics assays

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Varicocoele is the most common correctable cause of male infertility; however, predicting varicocoelectomy outcomes is difficult. “Omics” techniques have been increasingly used to develop new diagnostic and prognostics tools for several male infertility causes, and could be applied to study varicocoele. Objectives The objective is to create metabolomics models capable of segregating men who improved semen analysis (SA) parameters or achieved natural pregnancy after microsurgical varicocoelectomy (MV) from those who did not, using hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra of seminal plasma of pre‐operative samples. Material and methods We recruited 29 infertile men with palpable varicocoele. 1H NMR spectra of seminal plasma were obtained from pre‐operative samples and used to create metabonomics models. Improvement was defined as an increase in the total motile progressive sperm count (TMC) of the post‐operative SA when compared to the baseline, and pregnancy was assessed for 24 months after MV. Results Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we created a model that discriminated the men who improved SA from those who did not with accuracy of 93.1%. Another model segregated men who achieved natural pregnancy from men who did not. We identified seven metabolites that were important for group segregation: caprylate, isoleucine, N‐acetyltyrosine, carnitine, N‐acetylcarnitine, creatine, and threonine. Discussion We described the use of metabonomics model to predict with high accuracy the outcomes of MV in infertile men with varicocoele. The most important metabolites for group segregation are involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress response, highlighting the pivotal role of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of varicocoele. Conclusions 1H NMR spectroscopy of seminal plasma can be used in conjunction with multivariate statistical tools to create metabonomics models useful to segregate men with varicocoele based on the reproductive outcomes of MV. These models may help counseling infertile men with varicocoele regarding their prognosis after surgery.

show abstract

“…The inhibition of IL-1β production by LG in rats with sepsis-associated lung injury may be associated with a decrease of serine levels in macrophages; however, this needs to be confirmed in additional in vitro studies. Threonine is an essential amino acid and an important nutrient for the body and can be converted to acetyl-CoA to enter the TCA cycle and provide energy to the body (Tang et al, 2021). The role of threonine in sepsis has not been reported, and the relationship between the increased threonine levels after treatment with LG and improved sepsis-associated lung injury warrants further study.…”

Section: Glycine Serine and Threonine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liang-Ge decoction ameliorates acute lung injury in septic model rats through reducing inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and modulating host metabolism

Cui

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liang-Ge decoction (LG) has been used in the treatment of early stage of spesis and can ameliorate sepsis-associated lung injury. However, the mechanism of LG on sepsis-associated lung injury remains unknown. In this study, we established a rat model of sepsis-associated lung injury using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method, and investigated the therapeutic effects of LG on lung injury in rats with sepsis. In addition, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of LG on sepsis-associated lung injury model rats were evaluated. Besides, untargeted metabolomics was used to investigate the regulation of metabolites in rats with sepsis-associated lung injury after LG treatment. Our results showed that LG could decrease the wet/dry (W/D) ratio in lung and the total cell count and total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in septic model rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that LG reduced the infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells in lung. In addition, LG treatmment down-regulated the gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokins in lung tissue and BALF. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were increased and the level of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) was decreased in lung tissue homogenate in septic model rats after LG treament. Moreover, the numbers of apoptotic cells in lung were reduced and the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in BALF was decreased in septic model rats after LG treament. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that LG treatment affected the levels of 23 metabolites in lung in septic model rats such as citric acid, methionine, threonine, alphaketoglutaric acid, and inositol, these metabolites were associated with the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism and citrate cycle (TCA cycle)

show abstract

Physiological Functions of Threonine in Animals: Beyond Nutrition Metabolism

Cited by 78 publications

References 104 publications

Microbial short-chain fatty acids: a bridge between dietary fibers and poultry gut health — A review

Microbial short-chain fatty acids: a bridge between dietary fibers and poultry gut health — A review

Prediction of semen analysis parameter improvement after varicocoelectomy using 1 H NMR‐based metabonomics assays

Liang-Ge decoction ameliorates acute lung injury in septic model rats through reducing inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and modulating host metabolism

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About