Physiological functionalities and mechanisms of β-glucans

Bai, Junying; Ren, Yikai; Li, Yan; Fan, Mingcong; Qian, Haifeng; Wang, Li; Wu, Gangcheng; Qi, Xiguang; Xu, Meijuan; Rao, Zhiming

doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.023

Cited by 124 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…The highest expression of Caspase-3 protein was observed in the control group fed with feed supplemented with high-molar-mass oat beta-glucans (HβGh+), which indicates the beneficial effect of this beta-glucan fraction in this respect. The physical properties of high-molar-mass beta-glucans favor the formation of a protective layer on the inner wall of the intestine, and hence this beta-glucan fraction effectively supports the development of beneficial microbiota producing short-chain fatty acids which favor the faster regeneration of epithelium damaged by saline administration [ 23 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Oat Beta-Glucans on Colon Apoptosis and Autophagy through TLRs and Dectin-1 Signaling Pathways—Crohn’s Disease Model Study

et al. 2021

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Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with alternating periods of exacerbation and remission. The aim of this study was to determine the time-dependent effects of dietary oat beta-glucans on colon apoptosis and autophagy in the CD rat model. Methods: A total of 150 Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two main groups: healthy control (H) and a TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzosulfonic acid)-induced colitis (C) group, both including subgroups fed with feed without beta-glucans (βG−) or feed supplemented with low- (βGl) or high-molar-mass oat beta-glucans (βGh) for 3, 7, or 21 days. The expression of autophagy (LC3B) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) markers, as well as Toll-like (TLRs) and Dectin-1 receptors, in the colon epithelial cells, was determined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results: The results showed that in rats with colitis, after 3 days of induction of inflammation, the expression of Caspase-3 and LC3B in intestinal epithelial cells did not change, while that of TLR 4 and Dectin-1 decreased. Beta-glucan supplementation caused an increase in the expression of TLR 5 and Dectin-1 with no changes in the expression of Caspase-3 and LC3B. After 7 days, a high expression of Caspase-3 was observed in the colitis-induced animals without any changes in the expression of LC3B and TLRs, and simultaneously, a decrease in Dectin-1 expression was observed. The consumption of feed with βGl or βGh resulted in a decrease in Caspase-3 expression and an increase in TLR 5 expression in the CβGl group, with no change in the expression of LC3B and TLR 4. After 21 days, the expression of Caspase-3 and TLRs was not changed by colitis, while that of LC3B and Dectin-1 was decreased. Feed supplementation with βGh resulted in an increase in the expression of both Caspase-3 and LC3B, while the consumption of feed with βGh and βGl increased Dectin-1 expression. However, regardless of the type of nutritional intervention, the expression of TLRs did not change after 21 days. Conclusions: Dietary intake of βGl and βGh significantly reduced colitis by time-dependent modification of autophagy and apoptosis, with βGI exhibiting a stronger effect on apoptosis and βGh on autophagy. The mechanism of this action may be based on the activation of TLRs and Dectin-1 receptor and depends on the period of exacerbation or remission of CD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Oat Beta-Glucans on Colon Apoptosis and Autophagy through TLRs and Dectin-1 Signaling Pathways—Crohn’s Disease Model Study

et al. 2021

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“…Food Marketing Industry data showed that the global β‐glucan market was worth $307.8 million in 2016 with a prediction by Markets and Markets to reach $476.5 million in 2022. [ 142 ] Yestimun is the only β‐glucan that has attempted to hold a European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) health claim in regard to immunity; however, it received a negative response when applying for the health claim “initiation of appropriate innate and adaptive immune responses in adults” in 2009 at a dose of 0.45 g twice daily. The EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies concluded that cause and effect relationship could not be established between the consumption of Yestimun and the initiation of appropriate innate and adaptive immune responses due to the existence of contradicting results in the literature.…”

Section: Dietary Regulations and Emerging Areas Of Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

β‐1,3/1,6‐Glucans and Immunity: State of the Art and Future Directions

Castro

Calder

Roche

2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

100

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The innate immune system responds in a rapid and non‐specific manner against immunologic threats; inflammation is part of this response. This is followed by a slower but targeted and specific response termed the adaptive or acquired immune response. There is emerging evidence that dietary components, including yeast‐derived β‐glucans, can aid host defense against pathogens by modulating inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of neutrophils and macrophages. Innate immune training refers to a newly recognized phenomenon wherein compounds may “train” innate immune cells, such that monocyte and macrophage precursor biology is altered to mount a more effective immunological response. Although various human studies have been carried out, much uncertainty still exists and further studies are required to fully elucidate the relationship between β‐glucan supplementation and human immune function. This review offers an up‐to‐date report on yeast‐derived β‐glucans as immunomodulators, including a brief overview of the current paradigm regarding the interaction of β‐glucans with the immune system. The recent pre‐clinical work that has partly decrypted mode of action and the newest evidence from human trials are also reviewed. According to pre‐clinical studies, β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan derived from baker's yeast may offer increased immuno‐surveillance, although the human evidence is weaker than that gained from pre‐clinical studies.

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“…An important element of IBD treatment is pharmacotherapy, which is accompanied by modification of the diet. The beneficial dietary factors recommended in IBD diet therapy include soluble fractions of dietary fiber, which include among others cereal beta-glucans [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Dependent Indirect Antioxidative Effects of Oat Beta-Glucans on Peripheral Blood Parameters in the Animal Model of Colon Inflammation

et al. 2020

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Background: Oat beta-glucans are polysaccharides, belonging to soluble fiber fraction, that show a wide spectrum of biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent antioxidative effect of chemically pure oat beta-glucan fractions, characterized by different molar mass, which were fed to animals with early stage of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) - induced colitis. Methods: The study was conducted on 150 adult male Sprague Dawley rats assigned to two groups—healthy control (H) and colitis (C) with colon inflammation induced by per rectum administration of TNBS. The animals from both groups were divided into 3 nutritional subgroups, receiving for 3, 7 or 21 days AIN-93M feed without beta-glucan (βG−) or with 1% (w/w) low molar mass oat beta-glucan (βGl+) or 1% (w/w) high molar mass oat beta-glucan (βGh+). After 3, 7 and 21 days, the animals were euthanized, peripheral blood was collected from the heart for further analysis. Results: The results of analyses performed on blood samples showed small changes in lymphocytes count and red blood cell parameters such as the number of red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume (RBC, MCHC, MCV respectively) as well as normalization of antioxidant potential accompanying moderate inflammatory state of colon mucosa and submucosa. Conclusion: Oat beta-glucans exert an indirect antioxidant effect in animals with TNBS-induced colitis, with greater effectiveness in removing systemic effects of colon inflammation found for low molar mass oat beta-glucan.

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Physiological functionalities and mechanisms of β-glucans

Cited by 124 publications

References 152 publications

Effects of Dietary Oat Beta-Glucans on Colon Apoptosis and Autophagy through TLRs and Dectin-1 Signaling Pathways—Crohn’s Disease Model Study

Effects of Dietary Oat Beta-Glucans on Colon Apoptosis and Autophagy through TLRs and Dectin-1 Signaling Pathways—Crohn’s Disease Model Study

β‐1,3/1,6‐Glucans and Immunity: State of the Art and Future Directions

Time-Dependent Indirect Antioxidative Effects of Oat Beta-Glucans on Peripheral Blood Parameters in the Animal Model of Colon Inflammation

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