Physiological flexibility; a necessity for life in anoxic and sulphidic habitats

Hagerman, Lars

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2864-5_20

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Although Gpi (an enzyme involved in the second step of glycolysis) has frequently been associated with differences in organisms' performance (Patarnello & Battaglia, 1992;Gaffney, 1994;Beaumont & Toro, 1996;Tatara et al, 1999), we have no direct evidence of a causal relationship between genotype and starvation tolerance in Darwinula, although we did report (Rossi et al, 2002) a lower maxillular respiratory plate beats-per-minute (Bpm) rate in river individuals than in lake ones. Although Bpm is not considered an accurate proxy for basal metabolic rate in small aquatic organisms (the need of counting using a stereomicroscope is considered stressful) our report is in agreement with the evolutionary prediction that metabolic depression is an advantage for survival in stressful conditions (Hagerman, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Low genetic variability in the ancient asexual ostracodDarwinula stevensoni

Rossi¹,

Gandolfi

Gentile

et al. 2004

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The genetic variability and genotypic (clonal) structure of 34 populations of the ancient asexual Darwinula stevensoni was assayed using allozymes. In this study of 1964 individuals from nine countries in Europe, Israel and South Africa, little genetic variability was found. Out of nine enzyme systems only two revealed sufficient enzyme activity to produce consistent zymograms. Only one locus (Gpi 1) was polymorphic, and only in 14 populations: 83% of all screened individuals from all over Europe shared the same genotype. There was no significant deviation of Hardy--Weinberg equilibrium in 10 out of 14 polymorphic populations, a result unexpected in an asexual species. Among possible causes we discuss null alleles whose presence would make genotype frequencies discordant with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Allele and genotype frequencies were different in lakes and rivers (heterozygotes were dominant in rivers, homozygotes in lakes). Habitat choice might be driven by a different starvation tolerance by different genotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Low genetic variability in the ancient asexual ostracodDarwinula stevensoni

Rossi¹,

Gandolfi

Gentile

et al. 2004

Italian Journal of Zoology

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“…The action of bio-turbation by benthic organisms, mainly through the construction of burrows, plays a significant role in nutrient cycling, the latter being affected by storage, internal cycling, processing and acquisition by marine benthic organisms, for example fish mineralize nitrogen and phosphorous via excretion (Beaumont & Tinch, 2003). Benthic animals from a wide range of phyla have developed different strategies in adapting to exposure to hypoxic or anoxic conditions resulting in survival for many weeks under adverse environmental conditions (Hagerman, 1998).…”

Section: Organically-enriched or Anoxic Sublittoral Habitats (Eunis Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of goods and services, vulnerability, and conservation status of European seabed biotopes: a stepping stone towards ecosystem-based marine spatial management

et al. 2012

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The goal of ecosystem-based marine spatial management is to maintain marine ecosystems in a healthy, productive and resilient condition; hence, they can sustainably provide the needed goods and services for human welfare. However, the increasing pressures upon the marine realm threaten marine ecosystems, especially seabed biotopes, and thus a well-planned approach of managing use of marine space is essential to achieve sustainability. The relative value of seabed biotopes, evaluated on the basis of goods and services, is an important starting point for the spatial management of marine areas. Herein, 56 types of European seabed biotopes and their related goods, services, sensitivity issues, and conservation status were compiled, the latter referring to management and protection tools which currently apply for these biotopes at European or international level. Fishing activities, especially by benthic trawls, and marine pollution are the main threats to European seabed biotopes. Increased seawater turbidity, dredged sediment disposal, coastal constructions, biological invasions, mining, extraction of raw materials, shipping-related activities, tourism, hydrocarbon exploration, and even some practices of scientific research, also exert substantial pressure. Although some first steps have been taken to protect the European sea beds through international agreements and European and national legislation, a finer scale of classification and assessment of marine biotopes is considered crucial in shaping sound priorities and management guidelines towards the effective conservation and sustainability of European marine resources.

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“…All these studies only took hatching success into account, and no data are available on the development and life expectancy of the individuals hatched from eggs exposed to these stress conditions. But, according to Hagerman (1998), 'to be alive after exposure to hypoxia or sulfide is not the same as surviving', since processes acting during the recovery phase to restore the fuel resources and reoxidise metabolites (oxygen debt) are also important. As a consequence, the cost of the recovery borne during the embryonic stage might affect growth and survival of subsequent developmental stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of the copepod Acartia tonsa following egg exposure to near anoxia and to sulfide at different pH values

Invidia¹,

Sei²,

Gorbi³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The impact of near anoxia (1.78 × 10 -3 to 3.56 × 10 -3 mmol O 2 l -1) and anoxia/sulfide (~1 mmol l -1 ) on hatching and viability of eggs of the planktonic copepod Acartia tonsa was evaluated. Since the equilibrium concentration of the sulfide species is influenced by pH and the different species have different capacities to enter cells, the impact of sulfide was analyzed at pH 8.2 and 6.5. The consequences of egg exposure for growth and survival of the hatched organisms were also studied. Subitaneous eggs, spawned by laboratory-reared organisms, were incubated in near anoxia or anoxia/sulfide for different periods (1, 4, 15 and 32 d) and then transferred to normoxic conditions. Short exposure to near anoxia or anoxia/sulfide did not affect egg viability and subsequent growth and survival. Exposure times ≥15 d caused significant declines in hatching and strong reductions in life expectancy. No significant differences between the effects of near anoxia and anoxia/sulfide (at both pHs) were observed following incubation for 15 d. After 32 d incubation, the hatching success of eggs exposed to anoxia/sulfide at pH 8.2 was significantly higher than that of eggs exposed to near anoxia or to anoxia/sulfide at pH 6.5, and life expectancy was also less reduced. The results indicate that long exposure of eggs to anoxia/sulfide is less detrimental to A. tonsa than near anoxia alone when the pH is in the range of natural seawater (7.9 to 8.3). It seems to be more detrimental when pH is as low as that reached in pore waters (6.0 to 6.5). KEY WORDS: Near anoxia · Sulfide · pH · Acartia tonsaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Physiological flexibility; a necessity for life in anoxic and sulphidic habitats

Cited by 33 publications

References 68 publications

Low genetic variability in the ancient asexual ostracodDarwinula stevensoni

Low genetic variability in the ancient asexual ostracodDarwinula stevensoni

Assessment of goods and services, vulnerability, and conservation status of European seabed biotopes: a stepping stone towards ecosystem-based marine spatial management

Survival of the copepod Acartia tonsa following egg exposure to near anoxia and to sulfide at different pH values

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