Physiological evaluation of gait disturbances post stroke

Lamontagne, Anouk; Stephenson, Jennifer L.; Fung, Joyce

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.12.013

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…A large proportion of the total leg work is generated by the hip, whose role is to assist propulsion and to balance the upper body. Consistent with our findings for gallop, the increase in work at the level of the hip in hemiplegic gait is associated with a rise in metabolic costs (Lamontagne et al, 2007).…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biology 216 (7)supporting

confidence: 81%

Biomechanics of human bipedal gallop: asymmetry dictates leg functions

Fiers

Clercq

Segers

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYUnilateral skipping or bipedal galloping is one of the gait types that humans are able to perform. In contrast to many animals, where gallop is the preferred gait at higher speeds, human bipedal gallop only occurs spontaneously in very specific conditions (e.g. fast downhill locomotion). This study examines the lower limb mechanics and explores the possible reasons why humans do not spontaneously opt for gallop for steady-state locomotion on level ground. In 12 subjects, who were required to run and gallop overground at their preferred speed, kinematic and kinetic data were collected and mechanical work at the main lower limb joints (hip, knee, ankle) was calculated. In a separate treadmill experiment, metabolic costs were measured. Analysis revealed that the principal differences between running and galloping are located at the hip. The asymmetrical configuration of gallop involves distinct hip actions and foot placing, giving galloping legs different functions compared with running legs: the trailing leg decelerates the body in the vertical direction but propels it forward while the leading leg acts in the opposite way. Although both legs conserve mechanical energy by interchanging external mechanical energy with potential elastic energy, the specific orientation of the legs causes more energy dissipation and generation compared with running. This makes gallop metabolically more expensive and involves high muscular stress at the hips, which may be why humans do not use gallop for steady-state locomotion.

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Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biology 216 (7)supporting

confidence: 81%

Biomechanics of human bipedal gallop: asymmetry dictates leg functions

Fiers

Clercq

Segers

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…It has been reported that 70-80% of stroke survivors have a level of disability, particularly post-apoplectic limb spasm, which has become an increasingly serious social problem (2). Post-apoplectic limb spasm is one of the key difficulties, which is faced during rehabilitation therapy following stroke, due to its high rate of motor impairment, difficulty of treatment and importance for limb function (3). The identification of effective therapeutic approaches to treat post-apoplectic limb spasm is important for stroke rehabilitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gua Lou Gui Zhi decoction on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulating the expression of excitatory amino acids and their receptors

Chen¹,

Li²,

Huang³

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Gua Lou Gui Zhi decotion (GLGZD) has been reported to be an effective treatment for post-apoplectic limb spasm in the clinic. The present study aimed to investigate whether GLGZD had an affect on cerebral injuries induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats and its possible mechanism. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to analyze GLGZD. Furthermore, a model was established to assess the efficacy of GLGZD. Neurological defect scores and screen tests were analyzed. Brain ischemic infarct volume was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp) and glycine (Gly) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid were measured using the Hitachi automatic amino acid analyzer. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of the α-amino-3 -hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptors, and to analyze histopathological change. GLGZD was found to improve neurological performance and reduce infarct volumes in MCAO rats. In addition, GLGZD was observed to enhance motor performance, which was assessed using the screen test. Furthermore, GLGZD was found to reduce Glu, Asp and Gly levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and downregulate the protein expression of the AMPA and NMDA glutamate receptors. Thus, it was demonstrated that GLGZD may exert neuroprotective effects through the modulation of excitatory amino acids, and AMPA and NMDA receptor expression.

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“…Stroke often results in dysfunction of one side of the body termed hemiplegia [2]. Compared with able bodied persons, the gait of persons with hemiplegia is less metabolically efficient and leads to increased falls [3,4]. Limitation of the ability to walk is one reason for restricted mobility locomotor disability after stroke [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elastic band orthosis (aider) on balance and gait in chronic stroke patients

Daher

Lee²,

Yang³

2013

PTRS

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Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effects of balance training using a newly developed elastic band orthosis (aider) for improvement of mobility and balance in chronic stroke patients. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Ten patients with chronic hemiplegia participated in this study. There were six males and four females; two patients had right hemiplegia and eight had left hemiplegia. This study investigated the effect of the elastic band orthosis on balance and gait ability compared with bare foot condition. Gait parameters were measured using the opto-gait system for analysis of the spatial and temporal parameters of walking in stroke patients. In addition, balance ability in stroke patients was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Results: This study investigated the effect of the elastic band orthosis on balance compared with bare foot condition. The TUG and BBS showed significant improvement with use of the elastic band orthosis (p<0.05). Use of the Elastic band orthosis resulted in significantly improved velocity, cadence, less-affected step length, less-affected stride length, and less-affected single limb support in stroke patients (p<0.05). Conclusions:We demonstrated a significant improvement in dynamic balance and gait ability in chronic stroke patients using the elastic band orthosis. This orthosis may aid in prevention of spastic foot drop, leading to improvement of walking ability.

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Physiological evaluation of gait disturbances post stroke

Cited by 68 publications

References 144 publications

Biomechanics of human bipedal gallop: asymmetry dictates leg functions

Biomechanics of human bipedal gallop: asymmetry dictates leg functions

Effect of Gua Lou Gui Zhi decoction on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulating the expression of excitatory amino acids and their receptors

Effects of elastic band orthosis (aider) on balance and gait in chronic stroke patients

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