Physiological Effects of Resistant Starches on Fecal Bulk, Short Chain Fatty Acids, Blood Lipids and Glycemic Index

Jenkins, David; Vuksan, Vladimir; Kendall, Cyril W.C.; Würsch, P; Jeffcoat, Roger; Waring, Susan; Mehling, Christine C.; Vidgen, Edward; Augustin, Livia S. A.; Wong, Erin Oi-Yan

doi:10.1080/07315724.1998.10718810

Cited by 215 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Conceivably, the values of H 2 at 3·5 h post-food intake may represent the true baseline level of breath H 2 . In addition, we continued to test breath H 2 for 16 h, which was longer than 12 h commonly used (38,41) , because the levels of breath H 2 12 h after the RS rice meal were still higher than that of control with WT rice. This longer effect of the RS rice intake on the production of H 2 may be because of unique genetic background of Chinese.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H₂in healthy Chinese adults

Piao

Tian

et al. 2009

Br J Nutr

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Consumption of resistant starch (RS)-enriched foods is associated with decrease in the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses, accompanied by the production of fermentation-related gases in the large bowel. The present study aimed to determine the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to the GM RS-enriched rice and the fermentation-related production of H 2 in young and healthy Chinese adults. A total of sixteen young adults (nine men and seven women) were recruited and divided into three groups. Their postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to 40 g glucose, carbohydrates of RS or wild-type (WT) rice were tested by a crossover model with a washout period of 7 d. The concentrations of blood glucose and insulin as well as breath H 2 were measured before and after food intake. Although the mean concentrations of fasting blood glucose, insulin and breath H 2 were similar, consumption of the RS rice significantly decreased the values of glycaemic index (GI) and insulin index (II), as compared with the intake of WT rice (48·4 (SEM 21·8) v. 77·4 (SEM 34·9) for GI, 34·2 (SEM 18·9) v. 54·4 (SEM 22·4) for II, P, 0·05), respectively. Conversely, intake of the RS rice meal significantly elevated the concentrations of breath H 2 , as compared with WT rice (38·9 (SEM 17·6) v. 10·5 (SEM 3·7) parts per million for peak levels of breath H 2 , P, 0·05) through a period of 16-h tests. Consumption of the GM RS-enriched rice meal decreased the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses and promoted RS fermentation-related production of H 2 in the large bowel of young and healthy Chinese adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H₂in healthy Chinese adults

Piao

Tian

et al. 2009

Br J Nutr

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“…The previous studies on the relationship between the amount of available starch and blood glu cose response has shown a general inverse relationship between blood glucose response and indigestible starch (18)(19)(20)(21). However, at least two other studies reported that glycemic control was not affected with S in their human subjects (14,22). The principle purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of resistant starch on blood lipid concentrations, and glucose and insulin responses in overweight subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Resistant Starch Supplementation Influences Blood Lipid Concentrations and Glucose Control in Overweight Subjects

Park

Kang

Chang³

et al. 2004

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryResistant starch (RS) includes the sum of starch and degradation products of starch that resist small intestinal digestion and enter the colon. This study was planned to examine the effect of resistant starch on hypolipidemic actions, blood glucose, insulin levels and humoral immune responses in healthy overweight subjects. Healthy overweight sub jects (over 120% of their ideal body weights) were fed either 24g/d of resistant corn starch (RS) or regular corn starch (CS) for 21d with their regular meals. Although this double blind feeding regiment resulted in no significant changes in their weights or other physical parameters for the relatively acute period of intakes, there were significant lowering effects of serum total cholesterol (p<0.05) and serum LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) in subjects supple mented RS. Compared with the control starch group, the RS supplementation also reduced the mean fasting serum glucose concentrations (p<0.05). Resistant starch supplement resulted in the increase in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. Serum insulin and complement 3 (C3) were unaffected. Tested resistant starch supplementation was reported to be palatable with minimal bowel discomfort. These results suggest that RS sup plementation improves the blood lipid profile and controls the blood glucose levels in healthy overweight subjects without bowel discomfort, Therefore, RS has a potential to be used as one of the promising food ingredients for reducing risk factors involved in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes in overweight individuals. However, in order to prove RS as a novel therapeutic agent of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer duration are warranted.

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“…Beneficial effects include improving the glycemic control in diabetes (Fontvieille et al, 1992;Wolever et al, 1992), reductions in blood insulin (Jenkins et al, 1998;Behall et al, 1989;Behall & Howe, 1995) or lipids (Behall et al, 1989;Jenkins et al, 1987), and potential decrease in the risk for development of diabetes (Salmeró n et al, 1997a,b). Hyperinsulinemia, an indication of insulin resistance, is one indicator of potentially developing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, Haffner et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma glucose and insulin reduction after consumption of breads varying in amylose content

2002

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Objective: Consumption of a meal high in amylose starch (70%) decreases peak insulin and glucose levels and area under the curve (AUC). The objective was to determine the amount of amylose necessary in a meal for the beneficial decrease in glucose or insulin to occur. Design: Twenty-five subjects, 13 men (averaging 88.1 kg, 41 y, and 27.9 body mass index) and 12 women (averaging 72.4 kg, 41 y and 27.1 body mass index) were given six tolerance tests in a Latin Square design: glucose alone (1 g glucose=kg body weight) and five breads (1 g carbohydrate=kg body weight) made with 70% amylose cornstarch, standard cornstarch (30% amylose), and blends of the two starches (40, 50 and 60% amylose starch). A standard menu was fed for 3 days. One subject withdrew from the study. Results: Glucose, insulin and glucagon response to the carbohydrate loads was similar in men and women. Peak glucose response was lowest after the breads containing 50 -70% amylose starch. AUC was significantly higher after the glucose load than after all bread loads. The lowest AUCs occurred after the 60 and 70% amylose starch breads. Insulin response and AUC were significantly lower after the 60 and 70% amylose starch breads than after the glucose or the other breads. Conclusion: Results indicate that the amylose content of the starch used in the acute meal needs to be greater than 50% to significantly reduce plasma glucose and insulin in men and women.

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Physiological Effects of Resistant Starches on Fecal Bulk, Short Chain Fatty Acids, Blood Lipids and Glycemic Index

Abstract: The potential physiological benefits of the resistant starches studied appear to relate to colonic health in terms of effects on fecal bulk and SCFA metabolism.

Cited by 215 publications

References 47 publications

Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H₂in healthy Chinese adults

Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H₂in healthy Chinese adults

Resistant Starch Supplementation Influences Blood Lipid Concentrations and Glucose Control in Overweight Subjects

Plasma glucose and insulin reduction after consumption of breads varying in amylose content

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Physiological Effects of Resistant Starches on Fecal Bulk, Short Chain Fatty Acids, Blood Lipids and Glycemic Index

Abstract: The potential physiological benefits of the resistant starches studied appear to relate to colonic health in terms of effects on fecal bulk and SCFA metabolism.

Cited by 215 publications

References 47 publications

Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H2in healthy Chinese adults

Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H2in healthy Chinese adults

Resistant Starch Supplementation Influences Blood Lipid Concentrations and Glucose Control in Overweight Subjects

Plasma glucose and insulin reduction after consumption of breads varying in amylose content

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Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H₂in healthy Chinese adults

Postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to GM-resistant starch-enriched rice and the production of fermentation-related H₂in healthy Chinese adults