Physiological effects of millimeter-waves on skin and skin cells: an overview of the to-date published studies

Leszczyński, D

doi:10.1515/reveh-2020-0056

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Recently, several reviews were published based mostly on data from papers written in English [11][12][13]. A 2019 review [11] included 45 in-vivo studies conducted using laboratory animals and other biological preparations, and 53 in-vitro studies involving primary cells and cultured cell lines.…”

Section: High Band 5g Mm-wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety guidelines and 5G communication RF radiation

Lin

2021

URSI Radio Sci. Bull.

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T he health and safety implications of fi fth-generation (5G) cellular-communication technology have been under scrutiny while the rollout is well underway worldwide. Advocates of 5G mobile technology hail 5G as a faster and more-secure technology than its predecessor 3G and 4G systems. The major enabling infrastructure uses millimeterwave (mm-wave) and phased-array technologies to achieve line-of-sight directivity, high data rates, and low latency. A central vulnerability or security threat is that it may allow spying on users. Nevertheless, this is a system architecture and technology or regulatory issue, but not a biological or health safety matter.

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Section: High Band 5g Mm-wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety guidelines and 5G communication RF radiation

Lin

2021

URSI Radio Sci. Bull.

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“…There are few studies in literature which have not yet shed full light on the real consequences induced by athermic effects on human health; moreover, the results appear often contradictory. In particular, bioeffects studies performed considering high-band at 25-39 GHz are particularly scarce [4,5,[7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimarker Approach to Evaluate the Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields at 27 GHz (5g) On <em>Danio rerio</em> larvae

Pecoraro¹,

Pavone²,

Scalisi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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5G technology is evolving to satisfy several service requirements favoring high data-rate connections and lower latency times than current ones (< 1ms). 5G systems use different frequency bands of the radio wave spectrum, taking advantage of higher frequencies than previous mobile radio generations. In order to guarantee a capillary coverage of the territory for high reliability applications, it will be necessary to install a large number of repeaters because higher frequencies waves have a lower capacity to propagate in free space. Following the introduction of this new technology, there has been a growing concern about possible harmful effects on human health. The aim of this study is investigating possible short term effects induced by 5G-millimeter waves on embryonic development of Danio rerio. We have exposed fertilized eggs to 27 GHz frequency, 9.7 mW/cm2 incident power density, 23 dbm and have measured several endpoints every 24 hours. The exposure to electromagnetic fields at 27 GHz (5G) caused no significant impacts on mortality nor on morphology because the exposed larvae showed a normal detachment of the tail, presence of heart-beat and well-organised somites. A weak positivity on exposed larvae has been highlighted by immunohistochemical analysis.

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“…However, this technology used artificial manmade radiation to form images. Although these radiations are non-ionizing and it is believed that they are not harmful [ 32 , 33 ], for medical applications purposes, it is recommended to use passive sensing technology as it does not expose the human body to any type of radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging for Burns Diagnostics under Dressing Materials

Owda

2022

Sensors

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This paper presents a feasibility study of using a passive millimeter-wave imaging (PMMWI) system to assess burn wounds and the potential for monitoring the healing process under dressing materials, without their painful removal. Experimental images obtained from ex vivo porcine skin samples indicate that a ThruVision passive imager operating over the band 232–268 GHz can be used for diagnosing burns and for potentially monitoring the healing under dressing materials. Experimental images show that single and multiple burns are observed throughout dressing materials. As the interaction of millimeter-wave (MMW) radiation with the human body is almost exclusively with the skin, the major outcomes of the research are that PMMWI is capable of discriminating burn-damaged skin from unburned skin, and these measurements can be made through bandages without the imager making any physical contact with the skin or the bandage. This highlights the opportunity that the healing of burn wounds can be assessed and monitored without the removal of dressing materials. The key innovation in this work is in detecting single and multiple burns under dressing materials in noncontact with the skin and without exposing the skin to any type of manmade radiation (i.e., passive sensing technology). These images represent the first demonstration of burns wound under dressing materials using a passive sensing imager.

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Physiological effects of millimeter-waves on skin and skin cells: an overview of the to-date published studies

Cited by 23 publications

References 100 publications

Safety guidelines and 5G communication RF radiation

Safety guidelines and 5G communication RF radiation

Multimarker Approach to Evaluate the Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields at 27 GHz (5g) On <em>Danio rerio</em> larvae

Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging for Burns Diagnostics under Dressing Materials

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