Physiological Effects of Manganese Deficiency Related to Age in Soybeans (Glycine Max)

Abstract

COOPER, EUGENE E., and RAYMOND E. GIRTON. (Purdue U., Lafayette, Ind.) Physiological effects of manganese deficiency related to age in soybeans (Glycine max). Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(2): 105-110. Illus. 1963.-Soybean plants when grown in manganese-deficient silica sand cultures developed typical manganese deficiency symptoms of interveinal chlorosis and necrosis. Physiological effects including depression of photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and relative chlorophyll contents were studied. The depression of photosynthesis was not always proportional to reduced chlorophyll content. This is taken to indicate the importance of manganese in reactions concerned in photosynthesis in addition to chlorophyll formation. Age of leaves related to position on the plant and actual aging of the plants with time sometimes produced different results when related to photosynthetic rates, which mainly decreased with age of plants. Chlorophyll content in young leaves increased with plant age, except for a consistent decrease after leaf maturity. Respiration rates generally decreased with age. For the most part, the effects of aging on photosynthesis, respiration, and chlorophyll contents were the same for soybeans as for other species reported in the Iitcrature. , 1

Photosynthetic and Chloroplast Ultrastructural Consequences of Manganese Deficiency in Soybean

“…The gross morphological appearances of manganese deficiency symptoms observed in soybean in this study are similar to those described by Hambridge ( 1949), Cooper andGirton (1963), andRoberston andThompson (1970). Chlorosis of interveinal areas appeared first in younger leaves (usually at the 3rd node), but the oldest (primary) leaves exhibited no deficiency symptoms at that time.…”

“…A reduction in starch content as observed in this study seems to be one of the earliest symptoms of Mn deficiency and supports findings of Eltinge (1941); Vesk, Possingham, and Mercer (1966); and Cheniae and Martin (1968). Since chlorophyll content is not a true indication of photosynthesis with no obligatory linear relationship (Ruck and Bolas, 1954;Cooper and Girton, 1963;Crang and Noble, 1974), low photosynthetic rates may be a consequence of the absence of Mn, which is known to participate in the 02-evolving step of the light reaction (Kessler, 1955;Eyster et al, 1958;Cheniae and Martin, 1967;Heath and Hind, 1969) rather than a decrease in chlorophyll content. This is supported by the observation that the rate of decline in photosynthesis (Mndeficient vs. controls) was greater than the rate at which chlorophyll content declined, when the 5th node was compared with the 4th.…”

Manganese Nutrition of Cotton Under Two Boron Levels I. Growth and Development

“…Photosynthesis is one of the more important growth processes that is adversely influenced by Mn deficiency affecting primarily photosystem II in photosynthesis (7). Cooper and Girton (10) reported that Mn deficiency reduced photosynthetic rates in soybeans, and the depression in photosynthesis was not always in proportion to the reduced chlorophyll content. However, reduction in photosynthesis in Mn deficient spinach (Spinacia spp.)…”

Oat Response to Manganese and Zinc1

“…Correction of Mn deficiency of oats by foliar spray applications of MnS0 4 increased yield more than soil applications of MnS0 4 (5), but foliar dust applications of MnS0 4 caused burning of leaf tissue (6). Applications of Mn to cotton (1) and soybeans (4) did not increase the percentage of protein in seed of these crops. Literature concerning effects of Mn on protein levels in oat seed was not found.…”