Physiological Effects of Estrogens in Animal Feeds with Emphasis on Growth of Ruminants

Trenkle, Allen; Burroughs, Wise

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-332550-1.50027-5

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Organoleptic tests consistently demonstrated improved tenderness and juiciness scores from lamb roasts for animals fed high-coumestrol diets [41]. Phytoestrogens stimulate protein deposition and live weight gain, both in monogastric and ruminant animals [42]. McClure et al (1995) [43] found that the benefit, in live weight gain of sheep, when lucerne was compared with ryegrass, was more evident in wethers than in ewes.…”

Section: Anabolic Effects Of Phytoestrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility of Herbivores Consuming Phytoestrogen-containing Medicago and Trifolium Species

Reed¹

2016

Agriculture

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Despite their unrivalled value in livestock systems, certain temperate, pasture, legume species and varieties may contain phytoestrogens which can lower flock/herd fertility. Such compounds, whose chemical structure and biological activity resembles that of estradiol-17α, include the isoflavones that have caused devastating effects (some of them permanent) on the fertility of many Australian sheep flocks. While the persistence of old 'oestrogenic' ecotypes of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in pasture remains a risk, genetic improvement has been most effective in lowering isoflavone production in Trifolium species; infertility due to 'clover disease' has been greatly reduced. Coumestans, which can be produced in Medicago species responding to stress, remain a potential risk in cultivars susceptible to, for example, foliar diseases. In the field, coumestrol is often not detected in healthy vegetative Medicago species. Wide variation in its concentration is influenced by environmental factors and stage of growth. Biotic stress is the most studied environmental factor and, in lucerne/alfalfa (Medicago sativa), it is the major determinant of oestrogenicity. Concentrations up to 90 mg coumestrol/kg (all concentrations expressed as DM) have been recorded for lucerne damaged by aphids and up to 600 mg/kg for lucerne stressed by foliar disease(s). Other significant coumestans, e.g., 4'-methoxy-coumestrol, are usually present at the same time. Concentrations exceeding 2000 mg coumestrol/kg have been recorded in diseased, annual species of Medicago. Oestrogenicity of some Medicago species is also influenced by maturity and senescence. Studies in Israel, North America, Europe, New Zealand and Australia have confirmed that coumestans in lucerne, represent an acute or sub-acute loss of reproductive efficiency in herbivores, e.g., sheep, cattle, and possibly horses. When sufficiently exposed peri-conception, coumestrol, sometimes present in lucerne, be it as pasture, hay, silage, pellets, meal, and sprouts, is associated with what can be an insidious, asymptomatic, infertility syndrome. Most livestock research with oestrogenic lucerne has been conducted with sheep. Ewes may be at risk when the coumestrol concentration in their diet exceeds 25 mg/kg. In studies where lambing was compared for lucerne and a phytoestrogen-free treatment, the mean decrease in lambs born/ewe was 13%; ewes on lucerne, exhibited a lower frequency of multiple births.

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Section: Anabolic Effects Of Phytoestrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility of Herbivores Consuming Phytoestrogen-containing Medicago and Trifolium Species

Reed¹

2016

Agriculture

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“…It is interesting to know that there are evidences on beneficial anabolic actions of the phytoestrogenic plants observed in the growing animals, but not unequivocally established. Phytoestrogens showed beneficial effects when fed to monogastric or ruminant animals, stimulating weight gains and increasing the growth rate (Trenkle and Borroughs, 1978). Previous works indicated that growing rabbits fed on commercial diets supplemented with 0.1 g/kg of a subterranean clover extract compared to a group supplemented with 1 mg/kg of clenbuterol (b-agonist) showed very close average daily gain values and meat percentages (Pace et al, 1994).…”

Section: Animal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In farm animals, consumption of phytoestrogen rich-diets disturb hormonal balance in animal body leading to silent heat (Zduńczyk et al, 2005), progesterone deficiency (Piotrowska et al, 2006), embryonic loss (Wocławek-Potocka et al, 2005) and low semen quality (Glover and Assinder, 2006). On the other hand, inclusion of phytoestrogenic plant in diets of growing animals showed beneficial effects by stimulating weight gain and increasing the growth rate (Trenkle and Borroughs, 1978). Additionally, in human, a high intake of dietary phytoestrogens is suggested to be associated with a reduced incidence of breast and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis (Cornwell et al, 2004) in populations whose diet contains an abundance of soy products, when compared with typical Western diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Phytoestrogens on Livestock Production: A Review

Hashem

Soltan

2016

Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds

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hytoestrogens, polyphenolic compounds, are one of the major plant secondary metabolites found abundantly in animal diets. However, these phytochemicals play initial important roles in plant growth, development and maintenance. They also have many biological roles in animal body, affecting their productivity. The richest sources of phytoestrogens in animal diets are legumes, particularly, soybeans and clover. These plants often comprise substantial part of animal feed, thus presenting a potential source of phytoestrogens.The interest in these compounds was started earlier, over 50 years ago, when they have been known to affect fertility of an Australian sheep herd, resulting in an economic loss. The putative effects of phytoestrogens are based on their structural similarity to the mammalian estrogen 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) and thus their potency to bind with mammalian estrogen receptors. More attention has been paid to these metabolites since they can act as estrogen agonists or antagonists which make their effects are not expected.. The estrogenic activity of phytoestrogens depends on many factors such as chemical structure of the compound, bioavailability, animal specie, responsive tissue and its estrogen receptor (ER) sub-type (ER α or ER β ) and metabolites resulting from their fermentation and digestion. Reports showed that phytoestrogens could affect animal fertility and growth, quality of animal products and human health. This review illustrates the impacts of phytoestrogens on the livestock production system, focusing on physiology of reproduction, as well as the knowledge obtained from research in laboratory and field scales.

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“…Although extensively used to increase growth rates in domestic livestock (Trenkle and Burroughs 1978), the antifertility effects of the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) have been tested with few species. Travis and Schaible (1962) noted reduced embryo counts in mink (Mustela vison) treated with DES.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diethylstilbestrol as a Temporary Chemosterilant to Control Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Populations

Garret¹,

Franklin²

1983

Journal of Range Management

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Controlling reproduction in pest rodent populations may be preferable to using lethal rodenticides. The effectivenss of diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen, as a reproductive inhibitor in female bhtck-tailed prairie dogs (Cyuomys ludovicianus) was examined in a 4-year study at Wind Cave Nationnl Park, South Dakota. In 1979 and 1980, a study colony was monitored to determine age structure, reproductive success of individual animals, and rate of colony expansion. In 1981, the colony was divided into control and experimental areas. Application of DEStreated oats (.ll% active ingredient) during the breeding season resulted in complete curtailment of reproduction ln the experlmental group while reproduction in the control group was normal. Results were identical in 1982 when treatment was reversed. There were no obvious effects of DES treatment on subsequent reproductive capability of study animals. In 1981, surface expansion of the study colony was 4X less on the DES-treated side compared with control.

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Physiological Effects of Estrogens in Animal Feeds with Emphasis on Growth of Ruminants

Cited by 14 publications

References 121 publications

Fertility of Herbivores Consuming Phytoestrogen-containing Medicago and Trifolium Species

Fertility of Herbivores Consuming Phytoestrogen-containing Medicago and Trifolium Species

Impacts of Phytoestrogens on Livestock Production: A Review

Diethylstilbestrol as a Temporary Chemosterilant to Control Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Populations

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