Physiological Effects of Carbon Black

Nau, Carl A.; Neal, J. L.; Stembridge, Vernie A.; Cooley, Robert N.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1962.10663179

Cited by 63 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…mice, hamster, guinea pigs, and primates did not demonstrate a carcinogenic effect (Nau et al, 1962(Nau et al, , 1976Robertson and Smith, 1994). In rats, dust overloading resulted in reduction of lung clearance, increased retention of material in the lung, increased lung weight, persistent inflammation, increased epithelial permeability, and elevated infiltration of neutrophils.…”

Section: Ratmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Carbon deposits were noted in the lungs of mice and primates with no pulmonary fibrosis (Nau et al, 1962(Nau et al, , 1976Robertson and Smith, 1994). Mild degenerative effects and small amounts of deposited carbon black were seen in the liver, spleen, and kidneys.…”

Section: Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 94%

“…The study showed that in the rat CB tends to deposit in the alveoli while in monkeys few CB particles were found in alveoli. CB particles in monkeys were present mainly in the peribronchial or perivascular interstitial tissue as free particles or phagocytized by macrophages (Nau et al, 1962(Nau et al, , 1976. Lack of accumulated particles in the intraalveolar epithelium along with little particle uptake by alveolar macrophages in the lung of monkeys has been postulated to account for decreased release of inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (Rittinghausen et al, 1997).…”

Section: Species Location Differencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Alveoli (Nau et al, 1962(Nau et al, , 1976 Parenchyma, alveolar in origin (Levy, 1996) Positive-in the presence of lung overload and inflammation; majority of tumors cystic squamous cell lesions Primate/human Peribronchial or perivascular (Nau et al, 1962(Nau et al, , 1976 Bronchial airways (Levy, 1996) a Negative-no human component to cystic squamous cell lesions (Levy, 1996) a From exposure to various agents, i.e., beryllium, chromates, nickel. mice, hamster, guinea pigs, and primates did not demonstrate a carcinogenic effect (Nau et al, 1962(Nau et al, , 1976Robertson and Smith, 1994).…”

Section: Ratmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…aNau et al (1962); bNau et al (1976); cHeinrich et al (1994); dMauderly et al (1994a,b); eRobertson and Smith (1994); fHeinrich et al (1995); gNikula et al (1995); and h IARC(1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Carbon black should not be classified as a human carcinogen based on rodent bioassay data

Rausch

Bisinger

Sharma

2004

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Section: Ratmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Inhalation Exposurementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Species Location Differencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ratmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…aNau et al (1962); bNau et al (1976); cHeinrich et al (1994); dMauderly et al (1994a,b); eRobertson and Smith (1994); fHeinrich et al (1995); gNikula et al (1995); and h IARC(1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Carbon black should not be classified as a human carcinogen based on rodent bioassay data

Rausch

Bisinger

Sharma

2004

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Carbon Black

et al. 2023

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Carbon black is a powdered form of elemental carbon in the form of near‐spherical colloidal particles and coalesced particle aggregates of colloidal size, obtained by partial combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. Due to its structure of aciniform (grape‐like) aggregates, carbon black is a member of the class of substances known as industrial aciniform aggregates (IAA), which also include precipitated amorphous silica, pyrogenic silica, titania, and pyrogenic alumina. It is distinguishable from other commercial carbons, such as charcoal, by its fine particulate nature and the shape, structure, and degree of fusion of the particles observed with the electron microscope. The fundamental unit of a carbon black particle is the aggregate.

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Carbon Black

McCunney¹,

Muranko²,

Valberg³

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Carbon black is a powdered form of elemental carbon in the form of near‐spherical colloidal particles and coalesced particle aggregates of colloidal size, obtained by partial combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. It is distinguishable from other commercial carbons, such as charcoal, by its fine particulate nature and the shape, structure, and degree of fusion of the particles observed with the electron microscope. The fundamental unit of a carbon black particle is the aggregate. Although carbon black is often equated with soot, it differs markedly from the unwanted, uncontrolled by‐products of combustion found in chimneys and the ambient air. The contrast between carbon blacks, soots, and diesel particulate is discussed in more detail in the following. Carbon black is the earliest known synthetic pigment, having been produced by the Chinese more than 1500 years ago. They made the ink pigment lampblack by burning purified animal or vegetable oils in small lamps with the flames impinging on cool porcelain surfaces on which the carbon black collected. Carbon black has been commercially produced in the United States for more than 100 years. Although it is still used as a pigment in printing inks, paints, and lacquers, its major use over the past 50 years has been as a reinforcing agent in rubber, particularly in tires. It is also used in plastics, to which it imparts weathering resistance, antistatic, and electrically conductive properties.

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Physiological Effects of Carbon Black

Cited by 63 publications

References 4 publications

Carbon black should not be classified as a human carcinogen based on rodent bioassay data

Carbon black should not be classified as a human carcinogen based on rodent bioassay data

Carbon Black

Carbon Black

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