Physiological effects of active and passive exercise

Abstract

A comparison of the physiological effects of active and passive exercise was accomplished using two methods. In the first series of experiments, the exercise was held constant. In the second method, an attempt to match oxygen consumption was employed. The results, evaluated in view of preceding investigations in the same area, indicate that: 1) Passive exercise inincreases ventilation in excess of the metabolic need. The greater ventilation increases the ventilating equivalent and lowers the end-tidal Pco2, possibly causing respiratory alkalemia. 2) The increase in ventilation accompanying passive exercise does not produce a corresponding increase in heart rate. 3) Passive exercise increases heat production beyond the level indicated by oxygen consumption. These findings support the concept of a temperature factor being involved in the hyperventilation of exercise. ventilation equivalent in exercise; oxygen consumption in exercise; body temperature in exercise Submitted on March 25, 1964

Cardiorespiratory dynamics in men in response to passive work.

“…End-tidal Pco2 showed a slight decrease from 0.5 to 1 Torr during the steady-state of passive movements. Similar findings were obtained in conscious human subjects using a motor-driven bicycle (BAHNSON et al, 1949;OTIS, 1949;BENJAMIN and PEYSER, 1964;PAULEY, 1971). It is likely that the subjects are unable to be completely passive but unconsciously resist against the applied forces to some degree, resulting in a slight increase in V02…”

“…The increased Q during the steady state of stimulus is almost entirely dependent upon an increase in SV, with little change in HR (Table 1). BENJAMIN and PEYSER (1964) also reported that the increase in VE accompanying passive exercise did not produce a corresponding increase in HR. The leg movements, either passive or active, would introduce previously pooled blood in the legs and viscera into the general circulation.…”

“…Thus, the passive pedalings apparently increased ventilation in excess of metabolic need. Hyperpnea which is not accompanied by a proportional increase in 02 consumption has been ob-served in conscious human subjects during passive limb movements (CoMROE and SCHMIDT, 1943;OTIS,1949;HUTT et al,1958;DEJOURS, 1964;BENJAMIN and PEYSER 1964).…”

“…Passive limb movement is known to induce an increase in ventilation (COMROE and SCHMIDT 1943;BAHNSON et al, 1949;OTIS, 1949;HUTT et al, 1958;BENJAMIN and PEYSER, 1964;BISCOE and PURVES, 1967;PAULEV, 1971;AGOSTONI and D'ANGERO, 1976). Until now, reflex from muscle spindles, tendon, or articular organs has been regarded to be a possible drive to hyperpnea (COMROE and SCHMIDT, 1943;BESSOU et al, 1959).…”

The respiratory effects of two modes of passive exercise

“…Passive cycling movements have been accomplished using either a tandem bicycle (Nobrega and Araujo 1993;Nobrega et al 1994), or a modified cycle ergometer (Bahnson et al 1949;Benjamin and Peyser 1964;De Meersman et al 1998;Dixon et al 1961;Krzeminski et al 2000;Scott et al 2000;Waisbren et al 1990), with the subject's feet fixed to the pedals so that their legs follow the cycling motion.…”