Physiological ecology of the Bromeliaceae

Martin, Craig E.

doi:10.1007/bf02856593

Cited by 184 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Cuticle thickness of about 1 µm is comparable to cuticle thickness of other mesophytic species (Ashton & Berlyn, 1992) and is thin if compared to cuticle thickness of plants found in dry environments such as Opuntia wentiana (cuticle thickness ranging between 115 and 150 µm) (Medina, 1987). High rates of water flow through the epidermis has been inversely related to cuticle thickness (Martin, 1994). However, Ashton & Berlyn (1992) found no relationship between cuticle thickness and drought tolerance among three species of Quercus.…”

Section: Cuticle Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aspects of leaf anatomy of kudzu (Pueraria lobata, Leguminosae-Faboideae) related to water and energy balance

Pereira-Netto

Gabriele

Pinto

1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-Kudzu is a cover crop that has escaped cultivation in some subtropical and warm temperate regions. Kudzu has previously demonstrated broad intraspecific physiological plasticity while colonizing new environments. The objective of this paper was to investigate characteristics of kudzu leaflet anatomy that might contribute to its successful growth in climatically distinct environments, and to escape cultivation as well. Fresh and fixed leaflet strips of field-grown plants were analyzed. The lower epidermis of kudzu showed a higher frequency of stomata (147 ± 19 stomata mm -2 ) than the upper epidermis (26 ± 17 stomata mm -2 ). The average number of trichomes per square milimeter was 8 for both the upper and the lower epidermis. The average trichome length was 410 ± 200 µm for the upper epidermis and 460 ± 190 µm for the lower epidermis. Cuticle thickness was not considerably different between lower and upper epidermis. The leaflet blade consisted basically of two layers (upper and lower) of unicellular epidermis, two layers of palisade parenchyma and one layer of spongy parenchyma. One layer of paraveinal mesophyll was found between palisade and spongy parenchyma.In conclusion, leaflets of kudzu present anatomical characteristics that might contribute to the broad physiological plasticity shown by kudzu.Index terms: cuticle thickness, ecophysiology, leaflet anatomy, stomata, trichomes. ASPECTOS DA ANATOMIA FOLIAR DE PUERARIA LOBATA (LEGUMINOSAE-FABOIDEAE) ASSOCIADOS AO BALANÇO DE ÁGUA E DE ENERGIARESUMO -Kudzu é uma cultura de cobertura que se tornou invasiva em algumas regiões subtropicais e temperadas. Kudzu tem demonstrado ampla plasticidade fisiológica quando coloniza novos ambientes. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar características da anatomia foliar de kudzu que poderiam contribuir para seu hábito invasivo e também para sua propagação em ambientes distintos do ponto de vista climático. Foram analisados cortes frescos e permanentes de lâminas foliares de plantas crescidas no campo. A epiderme inferior tipicamente apresentou maior freqüência de estômatos (147 ± 19 estômatos mm -2 ) do que a epiderme superior (26 ± 17 estômatos mm -2 ). O número médio de tricomas por milímetro quadrado foi 8 para ambas, epiderme superior e epiderme inferior. O comprimento médio dos tricomas foi 410 ± 200 µm para a epiderme superior e 460 ± 190 µm para a epiderme inferior. A espessura da cutícula não diferiu significativamente entre as epidermes inferior e superior. A lâmina foliar consistiu basicamente de duas camadas de parênquima paliçádico e uma camada de parênquima lacunoso. Uma camada de mesófilo paranerval foi encontrada entre os parênquimas paliçádico e lacunoso. Concluindo, folíolos de kudzu apresentam características anatômicas que podem contribuir para a ampla plasticidade fisiológica demonstrada pela espécie.Termos para indexação: anatomia de folíolos, tricomas, ecofisiologia, espessura de cutícula, estômatos.

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Section: Cuticle Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aspects of leaf anatomy of kudzu (Pueraria lobata, Leguminosae-Faboideae) related to water and energy balance

Pereira-Netto

Gabriele

Pinto

1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…In contrast, plants in shaded habitats show minimum leaf overlap, higher chlorophyll content, thinner mesophyll tissue, and less stomata on a leaf area basis (Björkman 1981, Givnish 1988, StraussDebenedetti and Berlyn 1994. Within Bromeliaceae, although there have been a large number of studies on physiological responses to varying PAR (Martin 1994, Reinert et al 2001, Fernandes et al 2002, Haslam et al 2002, only a few explore sun and shade anatomical and morphological characteristics of the rosettes. The studies on Tillandsia usneoides under three incident light levels (Martin et al 1985); and the ones on Bromelia humilis and Aechmea bromeliifolia under natural contrasting environments (Lee et al 1989, Scarano et al 2002 suggest that, at least for some characters, the results are confl icting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both forms have highly specialized scales to the acquisition of water and nutrients, the stalked peltate trichomes, which were well described by Benzing (1970Benzing ( , 1976. Atmospheric bromeliads have non-absorptive roots that are associated with holding the plant to the substrate, often trunks and wires (Martin 1994). Tank-forming rosettes are characterized by wide, fl at leaves with expanded overlapped bases forming separate water impounding chambers, known as tanks, within which water and debris are held.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are sun- and shade-type anatomy required for the acclimation of Neoregelia cruenta?

Reinert

Leal-Costa

Junqueira

et al. 2013

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Sun and shade plants are often discriminated by a number of sun-and shade-type anatomies. Nonetheless, we propose that among tank-bromeliads, changes in rosette architecture satisfy the requirements for coping with contrasting light levels. The tank-bromeliad Neoregelia cruenta naturally colonises sub-habitats ranging from full exposure to direct sunlight, to shaded environments in sand ridge plains. We quantifi ed anatomical and morphological traits of leaves and rosettes of N. cruenta grown under sun and shade conditions. Cells with undulated lateral walls within the water parenchyma are for the fi rst time described for the family. Under high light, leaf blades were wider, shorter, and yellowish. The rosette diameter of sun plants was less than half that of shade plants. Sun leaves overlapped with neighbouring leaves for most of their length, forming a cylindrical rosette where water accumulates. Shade leaves only overlapped in the centre of the rosette. Most anatomical traits were similar under both growth conditions. Stomata were absent from the base of sun leaves, which is probably explained by limited gas exchange at the base of the tight sun-type rosette. Data suggest that the ability of N. cruenta to acclimate to sun and shade is better explained by changes in rosette architecture than by leaf anatomy.

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“…Among the intrinsic factors, the type of reproduction, the capacity and form of dispersion (Silvertown, 1987), the metabolic capacities of the species (Martin, 1994) and the life form (Benzing, 1980) can be mentioned. Among the extrinsic factors are the readiness of germination and development sites (Silvertown, 1987), different environmental factors (light, humidity and temperature) (Pittendrigh, 1948;Johanson, 1974;Sugden & Robins, 1979;Ackerman, 1986;Fischer and Araújo, 1995;Medina, 1996;Rossi et al, 1997;Almeida et al, 1998) and the interactions with pollinators and with dispersers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution by Canistropsis microps (E. Morren ex Mez) Leme (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) in the Atlantic rain forest in Ilha Grande, Southeastern Brazil

Nunes-Freitas

Rocha

2007

Braz. J. Biol.

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Canistropsis microps (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) is an endemic species of Atlantic rain forest areas in Rio de Janeiro State, which are very abundant in not very disturbed forests in Ilha Grande, on the southern coast of the State. In this study, we analyzed the vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of the species in an area of rain forest with little evidence of disturbance at Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, relating the patterns to sunlight in the microhabitat. We also identified the types of substrate used by the species and the rate of asexual reproduction. Canistropsis microps had high densities (estimated at 84,425 rosettes/ha), and has an aggregated distribution (I d = 2.86). About 80% of the rosettes were generated by clonal growth, whereas less than 20% were produced from seedlings. Most of the rosettes were found on straight tree trunks (DBH > 50 cm). There was a significant inverse correlation between the incidence of sunlight in the habitat and the abundance of individuals. Rosettes were found up to a maximum height of 9.5 m, but most occured between 1.5 and 5.5 m, where light varied from 25 to 50 μmol.s -1 .m -2 . We conclude that vertical and horizontal distribution patterns in C. microps may be partially explained by the occurrence of appropriate substrate, an intensity of sunlight favorable to the development of the species and to a high rate of vegetative reproduction.Keywords: Canistropsis microps, Bromeliaceae, spatial distribution, substrate, Atlantic Rainforest. Distribuição espacial de Canistropsis microps (E. Morren ex Mez) Leme (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) na Mata Atlântica da Ilha Grande, Sudeste do Brasil ResumoCanistropsis microps (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) é uma espécie endêmica das áreas de Mata Atlântica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo muito abundantes em florestas pouco perturbadas da Ilha Grande, na costa sudeste do Estado. Nesse estudo, nós analisamos o padrão de distribuição vertical e horizontal da espécie em uma área de floresta com pouca evidência de distúrbio na Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, relacionando os padrões à incidência de luz no microhabitat. Nós também identificamos os tipos de substratos usados pela espécie e a taxa de reprodução assexuada. Canistropsis microps possui elevadas densidades (estimada em 84.425 rosetas/ha), e uma distribuição agregada (Id = 2,86). Cerca de 80% das rosetas são geradas pelo crescimento clonal, enquanto menos que 20% são produzidos a partir de sementes. Muitas das rosetas foram encontradas em troncos retos de árvores (DAP > 50 cm). Houve uma correlação significativa inversa entre a incidência da luz solar no habitat e abundância de de indivíduos. As rosetas foram encontradas até uma altura máxima de 9,5 m, mas a maioria ocorreu entre 1,5 e 5,5 m, onde a luz variou de 25 a 50 μmol.s -1 .m -2 . Nós concluímos que o padrão de distribuição vertical e horizontal em C. microps pode ser parcialmente explicada pela ocorrência de um substrato apropriado, uma intensidade de luz solar favorável para o desenvolvimento da espécie...

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Physiological ecology of the Bromeliaceae

Cited by 184 publications

References 130 publications

Aspects of leaf anatomy of kudzu (Pueraria lobata, Leguminosae-Faboideae) related to water and energy balance

Aspects of leaf anatomy of kudzu (Pueraria lobata, Leguminosae-Faboideae) related to water and energy balance

Are sun- and shade-type anatomy required for the acclimation of Neoregelia cruenta?

Spatial distribution by Canistropsis microps (E. Morren ex Mez) Leme (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) in the Atlantic rain forest in Ilha Grande, Southeastern Brazil

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