Physiological characteristics of<i>thiobacillus ferrooxidans</i>and<i>leptospirillum ferrooxidans</i>and physicochemical factors influence microbial metal leaching

Hallmann, Regine; Friedrich, Andrea; Koops, Hans Peter; Pommerening-Roeser, Andreas; Rohde, Katrin; Zenneck, Claus; Sand, Wolfgang

doi:10.1080/01490459209377920

Cited by 74 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The heterotrophic genus is widely distributed in bioleaching and AMD environments and in the case of the species Acidiphilium acidophilum is also able to oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds (22,28,50). Different studies implicate synergistic interactions between autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms by removing metabolic by-products of the autotrophs within the community (1,24,45,52). Geobacteraceae were present at all three sites of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Microbial Community Analysis of Three Different Sulfidic Mine Tailing Dumps Generating Acid Mine Drainage

Kock

Schippers

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The microbial communities of three different sulfidic and acidic mine waste tailing dumps located in Botswana, Germany, and Sweden were quantitatively analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), catalyzed reporter deposition-FISH (CARD-FISH), Sybr green II direct counting, and the most probable number (MPN) cultivation technique. Depth profiles of cell numbers showed that the compositions of the microbial communities are greatly different at the three sites and also strongly varied between zones of oxidized and unoxidized tailings. Maximum cell numbers of up to 10 9 cells g ؊1 dry weight were determined in the pyrite or pyrrhotite oxidation zones, whereas cell numbers in unoxidized tailings were significantly lower. Mining residues from mining activities are dumped as waste rock or as tailings, which are metal-degraded materials from ore processing. Both kinds of dumps often contain sulfide minerals such as pyrite (FeS 2 ) or pyrrhotite (Fe 1Ϫx S, x ϭ 0 to 0.125) and release acidic metal-rich waters known as acid mine drainage (AMD)/acid rock drainage (ARD) because of chemical and microbial sulfide oxidation processes, e.g.,Over a period of several years, an oxidized zone with depleted sulfide content, low pH, and enrichment of secondary minerals develops above an unoxidized zone with unaltered material in the waste dump (e.g., references 4, 14, 21, 40, and 49).Several geomicrobiological investigations of sulfidic mine waste dumps located in different climate zones have been undertaken to gather information about microbial processes and diversity in these extreme environments. At such sites, aerobic, acidophilic, chemolithotrophic Bacteria or Archaea dissolve metal sulfides by oxidizing Fe(II) and sulfur compounds and generate AMD/ARD. Products resulting from these oxidation processes can be used by Fe(III)-and sulfate-reducing prokaryotes. When Fe(III) (hydr)oxides are dissolved, adsorbed or precipitated metals are released. Sulfate-reducing Bacteria or Archaea may also precipitate metals as metal sulfides (22,49,50).Primarily cultivation techniques have been used to enumerate prokaryotes involved in oxidation and reduction processes in sulfidic mine waste dumps (3,17,52,57,64). Cultivation techniques yield cell numbers merely according to physiological properties; therefore, only a subset of the whole microbial community is detected. Up to this point, only qualitative molecular biological tests were applied to sulfidic mine dumps such as cloning and subsequent sequencing (7), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (12, 38), and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (7, 13). In addition, protein and lipid analysis (37, 58) were performed with tailing samples. These investigations provided valuable information about the microbial diversity in mine dumps but little information about the quantities of the different microbial groups or species. The molecular biological quantification technique fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and metagenomic an...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Microbial Community Analysis of Three Different Sulfidic Mine Tailing Dumps Generating Acid Mine Drainage

Kock

Schippers

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Studies of mesophilic leptospirilla by several workers (3,4,8,10,15) have indicated that more than one species of Leptospirillum exists. Nevertheless, all mesophilic leptospirilla have been generally referred to as L. ferrooxidans or Leptospirillumlike bacteria, as there have been insufficient physiological grounds or molecular information to decide whether they represented more than one species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, all but the L. ferrooxidans type strain (DSM2705) from this early study were lost (P. R. Norris, personal communication). Hallmann et al (8) carried out DNA-DNA hybridization studies with six isolates of leptospirilla. Two pairs of strains were 100% related to each other, and there was 38 to 50% relatedness between these pairs and 31 to 50% relatedness among all other isolates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Relationship between Two Groups of the Genus Leptospirillum and the Finding that Leptospirillum ferriphilum sp. nov. Dominates South African Commercial Biooxidation Tanks That Operate at 40°C

Coram

Rawlings

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

284

140

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Iron-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospirillum are of great importance in continuous-flow commercial biooxidation reactors, used for extracting metals from minerals, that operate at 40°C or less. They also form part of the microbial community responsible for the generation of acid mine drainage. More than 16 isolates of leptospirilla were included in this study, and they were clearly divisible into two major groups. Group I leptospirilla had G؉C moles percent ratios within the range 49 to 52% and had three copies of rrn genes, and based on 16S rRNA sequence data, these isolates clustered together with the Leptospirillum ferrooxidans type strain (DSM2705 or L15). Group II leptospirilla had G؉C moles percent ratios of 55 to 58% and had two copies of rrn genes, and based on 16S rRNA sequence data, they form a separate cluster. Genome DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated that three similarity subgroups were present among the leptospirilla tested, with two DNA-DNA hybridization similarity subgroups found within group I. The two groups could also be distinguished based on the sizes of their 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer regions. We propose that the group II leptospirilla should be recognized as a separate species with the name Leptospirillum ferriphilum sp. nov. Members of the two species can be rapidly distinguished from each other by amplification of their 16S rRNA genes and by carrying out restriction enzyme digests of the products. Several, but not all, isolates of the group II leptospirilla, but none from group I (L. ferrooxidans), were capable of growth at 45°C. All the leptospirilla isolated from commercial biooxidation tanks in South Africa were from group II.

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“…In the laboratory community, increased archaeal stress response proteins correlated with the stress response of Leptospirillum group II. As community production is likely dependent on all microbial species because of mutualistic and synergistic interactions (Hallmann et al, 1992;Johnson, 1998), stress to the archaea may have further decreased net production and growth rates in laboratory reactors.…”

Section: Acid Mine Drainage Chemoautotrophic Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation and quantitative proteomic analyses of acidophilic microbial communities

et al. 2009

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Acid mine drainage (AMD), an extreme environment characterized by low pH and high metal concentrations, can support dense acidophilic microbial biofilm communities that rely on chemoautotrophic production based on iron oxidation. Field determined production rates indicate that, despite the extreme conditions, these communities are sufficiently well adapted to their habitats to achieve primary production rates comparable to those of microbial communities occurring in some non-extreme environments. To enable laboratory studies of growth, production and ecology of AMD microbial communities, a culturing system was designed to reproduce natural biofilms, including organisms recalcitrant to cultivation. A comprehensive metabolic labeling-based quantitative proteomic analysis was used to verify that natural and laboratory communities were comparable at the functional level. Results confirmed that the composition and core metabolic activities of laboratory-grown communities were similar to a natural community, including the presence of active, low abundance bacteria and archaea that have not yet been isolated. However, laboratory growth rates were slow compared with natural communities, and this correlated with increased abundance of stress response proteins for the dominant bacteria in laboratory communities. Modification of cultivation conditions reduced the abundance of stress response proteins and increased laboratory community growth rates. The research presented here represents the first description of the application of a metabolic labeling-based quantitative proteomic analysis at the community level and resulted in a model microbial community system ideal for testing physiological and ecological hypotheses.

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Physiological characteristics ofthiobacillus ferrooxidansandleptospirillum ferrooxidansand physicochemical factors influence microbial metal leaching

Cited by 74 publications

References 26 publications

Quantitative Microbial Community Analysis of Three Different Sulfidic Mine Tailing Dumps Generating Acid Mine Drainage

Quantitative Microbial Community Analysis of Three Different Sulfidic Mine Tailing Dumps Generating Acid Mine Drainage

Molecular Relationship between Two Groups of the Genus Leptospirillum and the Finding that Leptospirillum ferriphilum sp. nov. Dominates South African Commercial Biooxidation Tanks That Operate at 40°C

Cultivation and quantitative proteomic analyses of acidophilic microbial communities

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