Physiological changes in captive elephants in northern Thailand as a result of the COVID-19 tourism ban—stress biomarkers
Jarawee Supanta,
Janine L. Brown,
Pakkanut Bansiddhi
et al.
Abstract:The international travel ban instituted by the Thai government in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected how tourist camp elephants were managed, with reductions in exercise opportunities, longer chaining hours, and diminished food provisioning. This study was conducted to determine how those changes affected health and welfare biomarkers in individual elephants over the 2 years of the countrywide lockdown (April 2020–April 2022). Blood and fecal samples were collected from 58 elephan… Show more
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