Physiological Changes and Nutritional Value of Forage Clitoria Grown in Arid Agro-Ecosystem as Influenced by Plant Density and Water Deficit

Shaaban, Ahmed; Mahfouz, H.; Megawer, Ekram A.; Saudy, Hani Saber

doi:10.1007/s42729-023-01294-4

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The exploration of photosynthesis and its influencing mechanisms under abiotic stress conditions persists as a focal point within plant physiology and ecology (Gao et al, 2018). Previous studies have found that water stress induces stomatal closure, diminishing photosynthetic rates in crop leaves, and consequently inhibiting the biomass accumulation (Makhlouf et al, 2022;Shaaban et al, 2023). The reasons for reduced photosynthetic capacity of plant leaves caused by water deficit are usually attributed to both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations (Wang et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of sunflower response to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment

Chen,

Zhang,

Teng

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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In arid regions, deficit irrigation stands as an efficacious strategy for augmenting agricultural water conservation and fostering sustainable crop production. The Hexi Oasis, an irrigation zone situated in Northwest China, serves as a pivotal area to produce grain and cash crops. Nonetheless, due to the predominant conditions of low rainfall and high evaporation, the scarcity of irrigation water has emerged as a critical constraint affecting crop growth and yield in the area. In order to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, quality, and water use efficiency of sunflower, a two-year field experiment with under-mulched drip irrigation was conducted in the cold and arid environment of the Hexi Oasis region. Water deficits were implemented at sunflower seedling and maturity and consisted of three deficit levels: mild deficit (65–75% field capacity, FC), moderate deficit (55–65% FC), and severe deficit (45–55% FC). A total of six combined water deficit treatments were applied, using full irrigation (75–85% FC) throughout the entire crop-growing season as the control (CK). The results illustrated that water deficit engendered a decrease in leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of sunflower compared to CK, with the decrease becoming significant with the water deficit increasing. A mild water deficit, both at the seedling and maturity phases, precipitated a significant enhancement (p< 0.05) in leaf water use efficiency. Under mild water deficit, stomatal limitation emerged as the predominant factor inducing a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of sunflower leaves, while as the water deficit escalated, non-stomatal limitation progressively assumed dominance. Moreover, a mild/moderate water deficit at seedling and a mild water deficit at maturity (WD1 and WD3) significantly improved sunflower seed quality under consistent yield conditions and significantly increased irrigation water use efficiency, with an average increase of 15.3% and 18.5% over the two years, respectively. Evaluations utilizing principal component analysis and membership function methods revealed that WD1 attained the highest comprehensive score. Consequently, a mild water deficit at both seedling and maturity (WD1) is advocated as the optimal deficit irrigation strategy for sunflower production within the cold and arid environment of Northwest China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of sunflower response to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment

Chen,

Zhang,

Teng

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Crops associated with maize inter-and mixed-cropping in the present survey were beans, sorghum, tubers, sunflower, safflower, banana, mango, papaya, avocado, rapeseed, Moringa and others, which are reported to diversify agro-ecosystems in which higher species richness may lower diseases impacts (Terefe et al, 2015), pest outbreaks (Zehnder et al, 2007) and weed infestations (Gudero & Terefe, 2018), hence improving crop productivity (Shaaban et al, 2023).…”

Section: Independent Variable Dfmentioning

confidence: 64%

A large‐scale survey reveals agro‐ecological factors influence spatio‐temporal distribution and epidemics of maize leaf blight: Implications for prioritizing sustainable management options

Terefe,

Mengesha,

Yitayih

et al. 2023

J of Sust Agri & Env

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IntroductionProductivity of maize (Zea mays L.) is predominantly constrained by diseases, weeds, and insect pests. The northern leaf blight (NLB) disease, caused by Exserohilum turcicum, inflicts significant maize yield losses in the tropics and humid tropics, including Ethiopia. A large‐scale field survey was conducted to assess the spatio‐temporal distribution of maize NLB in southern Ethiopia, and to determine the association of maize farming practices and agro‐ecological factors with NLB epidemics during 2016–2019.Materials and MethodsA total of 814 maize farms were assessed in 12 major maize‐producing districts. During the assessment, data related to the disease, crop, farming practices and agro‐ecological factors were collected. The associations of disease severity with independent factors were determined using the ordinal logistic regression model.ResultsThe results showed that all studied districts and zones recorded high (≥85%) NLB prevalence over the 4 years, and the disease continues to be a major threat to maize production. Variable disease severity was recorded across districts/zones during the study periods. The highest (75.45%) mean severity was recorded from Boreda, followed by Konso (75.36%), Bonke (71.61%) and Derashe (71.30%), while Mihirab Abaya (33.25%) and Arba Minch (38.285%) districts recorded the lowest mean severity. In the multiple regression model, zone, altitude, cropping year, land preparation, NPS fertilization, weeding practice, growth stage and cropping system were highly significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with disease severity.ConclusionMaize cultivation at an altitude of ≤1500 m with intermediate to good weeding practices, recommended NPS (51–100 kg ha–1) fertilization, mixed‐ and intercropping systems, sparse plant (≤20 plants m‒2) population, and vegetative to blistering growth stages had significant relationships with low (≤25, 26%–50%) disease severity, and can be considered as management options to reduce NLB pressure and yield losses to sustainably ensure maize production and productivity.

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that drought stress induces stomatal closure and reduces photosynthetic rates in crop leaves, ultimately inhibiting biomass accumulation [ 24 , 25 ]. Stomatal closure is known to be one of the earliest responses to drought stress in plants [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (Glycine soja L.)

Lin,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Plants

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Wild soybean (Glycine soja L.), drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31 (Glycine max L.), and drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 (Glycine max L.) were used as materials to investigate the drought tolerance mechanism after 72 h 2.5 M PEG 8000 (osmotic potential −0.54 MPa)-simulated drought stress at the seedling stage. The results indicated that the leaves of the G. soja did not wilt under drought stress. However, both the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars experienced varying degrees of leaf wilt. Notably, the drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars exhibited severe leaf wilt after the drought stress. Drought stress was determined to have a significant impact on the dry matter of the above-ground part of the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31, with the lowest reduction observed in G. soja. Furthermore, the presence of drought stress resulted in the closure of leaf stomata. G. soja exhibited the highest proportion of stomatal opening per unit area, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar Tiefeng 31, while the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 displayed the lowest percentage. Photosynthesis-related indexes, including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, decreased in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31 after drought stress, but increased in G. soja. In terms of the antioxidant scavenging system, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in G. soja and Tiefeng 31, along with higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) to counteract excess reactive oxygen species and maintain cell membrane integrity. In contrast, the drought-sensitive cultivar Fendou 93 had higher MDA content and higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and peroxidase (POD, 1.11.1.7). G. soja and Tiefeng 31 also exhibited less accumulation of osmolytes, including soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline content. The activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS, key enzymes in proline anabolism, showed an initial increase under drought stress, followed by a decrease, and then an increase again at the end of drought stress in G. soja. Before drought stress, Tiefeng 31 had higher activities of ProDH and P5CS, which decreased with prolonged drought stress. Fendou 93 experienced an increase in the activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS under drought stress. The δ-OAT gene expression levels were up-regulated in all three germplasms. The expression levels of the P5CS gene in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31 were down-regulated, while G. soja showed no significant change. The expression of the P5CR gene and ProDH gene was down-regulated in Fendou 93 and Tiefeng 31, but up-regulated in G. soja. This indicates that proline content is regulated at both the transcription and translation levels.

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Physiological Changes and Nutritional Value of Forage Clitoria Grown in Arid Agro-Ecosystem as Influenced by Plant Density and Water Deficit

Cited by 24 publications

References 84 publications

Photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of sunflower response to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment

Photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of sunflower response to deficit irrigation in a cold and arid environment

A large‐scale survey reveals agro‐ecological factors influence spatio‐temporal distribution and epidemics of maize leaf blight: Implications for prioritizing sustainable management options

Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (Glycine soja L.)

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