Physiological Changes and Interactions Between Microbiome and the Host During Pregnancy

Zakaria, Zain Zaki; Al-Rumaihi, Shouq Fahad; Al-Absi, Rana S.; Farah, Huda; Elamin, Muram Elmubarak; Nader, Rahaf; Bouabidi, Salma; Suleiman, Sara Elgaili Khogali; Nasr, Shahd; Al-Asmakh, Maha

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.824925

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…During pregnancy, the composition of the subgingival microbiome is shifted toward complexes associated with periodontal disease [ 2 ]. In addition, changes in the microbial composition during pregnancy affect a variety of sites in the body, including the intestines, the vagina, the oral cavity, and the placenta, and are vital for a healthy pregnancy [ 3 ]. Microbial changes are likely coordinated with immune, endocrine, and metabolic states [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an Ozonated Water Irrigator on the Plaque Index and Bleeding Index of Pregnant Women

Tecco

Nota

D'Amicantonio

et al. 2022

JCM

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Pregnancy causes physiological changes in the woman’s body, which can also affect oral health. Therefore, pregnant women may manifest gingival inflammation that is favored by their hormonal increase. This clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04140643) evaluated the variation in the plaque index (PI) or bleeding index (BOP) in pregnant women after daily use of an ozonated water irrigator and proper home oral hygiene, compared to a control group who only performed home oral hygiene. The inclusion criteria were the gestation period from the 14th week to the 30th week, a diagnosis of gingivitis, and a minimum number of teeth equal to 20. The PI and BOP index were evaluated at T0, fifteen days after T0 (T1), and two months after T1 (T2). The PI values systematically decreased over time (F (1.19) = 41.82) in both groups, with a systematic difference in PI values between the two groups (F (1.19) = 6.28, p = 0.021). A statistically significant difference was assessed in the BOP index at T2 between the two groups, with the control group suffering a higher BOP index. The results show that the patients in the study group showed a decrease in the BOP index over the three time points, in contrast to the control group, due to the beneficial properties of ozonated water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an Ozonated Water Irrigator on the Plaque Index and Bleeding Index of Pregnant Women

Tecco

Nota

D'Amicantonio

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…Thus, for both of these body sites, obesity is associated with levels of microbiota alpha diversity that are widely viewed as non-optimal. As obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory response (116)(117)(118)(119), these data highlight potential dynamic interactions between systemic inflammation and microbiota alpha diversity throughout the human body that can influence health and disease, including pregnancy outcomes (120,121).…”

Section: Effect Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 95%

The vaginal microbiota of pregnant women varies with gestational age, maternal age, and parity

Romero

Theis

Gomez‐Lopez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The composition of the vaginal microbiota is heavily influenced by pregnancy and may factor into pregnancy complications, including spontaneous preterm birth. However, results among studies have been inconsistent, due in part to variation in sample sizes and ethnicity. Thus an association between the vaginal microbiota and preterm labor continues to be debated. Yet, before assessing associations between the composition of the vaginal microbiota and preterm labor, a robust and in-depth characterization of the vaginal microbiota throughout pregnancy in the specific study population under investigation is required. Herein, we report a large longitudinal study (N = 474 women, 1862 vaginal samples) of a primarily African-American cohort, which experiences a relatively high rate of pregnancy complications, evaluating associations between individual identity, gestational age, and other maternal characteristics with the composition of the vaginal microbiota throughout gestation resulting in term delivery. The primary factors influencing the composition of the vaginal microbiota in pregnancy are individual identity and gestational age at sampling. Secondary factors are maternal age, parity, obesity, and self-reported Cannabis use. The principal pattern across gestation is for the vaginal microbiota to remain or transition to a state of Lactobacillus dominance. This pattern can be mitigated by maternal parity and obesity. Regardless, network analyses reveal dynamic associations among specific bacterial taxa within the vaginal ecosystem, which shift throughout the course of pregnancy. This study provides a robust foundational understanding of the vaginal microbiota in pregnancy among African-Americans, in particular, and sets the stage for further investigation of this microbiota in obstetrical disease.

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“…The gut microbiome is known to be extensively altered by hormonal changes, including both reproductive and metabolic hormones, induced during pregnancy and gestation, an effect that is also seen in rodent models, and which can modulate gestational metabolism (Gomez‐Arango et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2022; Yeo et al, 2022; Zakaria et al, 2022). Fuller et al (2015) noted initial gestational down‐regulation followed by up‐regulated expression of FFA2 receptors in mouse islets, which corresponded to insulin resistance during the latter point of gestation.…”

Section: The Role Of Ffa2 Receptors In Islet β‐Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut feelings in the islets: The role of the gut microbiome and the FFA2 and FFA3 receptors for short chain fatty acids on β‐cell function and metabolic regulation

Teyani,

Moniri

2023

British J Pharmacology

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Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) are biosynthesized via fermentation of polysaccharides by gastrointestinal microbiota and have been shown to have wide‐reaching influence on almost all tissues, including the pancreatic islets. Historically, the effects of SCFA have been attributed to their intracellular metabolism and function as energy sources, but the discovery of free fatty acid GPCRs in the 2000’s suggested that many functional outcomes of SCFA are receptor‐mediated. The SCFA receptors FFA2/GPR43 and FFA3/GPR41 are expressed on β‐cells, where they regulate glucose‐dependent insulin secretion, making them attractive targets for treatment of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Here, we provide an update on the current evidence regarding regulation of FFA2/FFA3 by specific probiotic bacterial species within the gut microbiome that synthesize SCFA. We also review the body of research regarding the FFA2 and FFA3‐specific function of SCFA on β‐cells and discuss the somewhat controversial and opposing findings within these studies.

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Physiological Changes and Interactions Between Microbiome and the Host During Pregnancy

Cited by 31 publications

References 89 publications

Effects of an Ozonated Water Irrigator on the Plaque Index and Bleeding Index of Pregnant Women

Effects of an Ozonated Water Irrigator on the Plaque Index and Bleeding Index of Pregnant Women

The vaginal microbiota of pregnant women varies with gestational age, maternal age, and parity

Gut feelings in the islets: The role of the gut microbiome and the FFA2 and FFA3 receptors for short chain fatty acids on β‐cell function and metabolic regulation

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