Physiological, biochemical, and nutritional parameters of wheat treated with a fungicide and foliar fertilizer

Abstract

Agronomic improvements in grain yield and quality of wheat crops could be obtained through the application of strategies, such as using foliar fungicides with fertilizers, to protect the leaves against pathogens and delay senescence during grain filling. However, few studies have reported the effect of these practices on wheat, although these treatments could represent a new method of increasing wheat production and profits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar fertilizer, applied alone or in combination with a fungicide, on the photochemical, biochemical, and nutritional parameters of wheat plants. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a 2 × 3 factorial design (fungicide × foliar fertilizer) with four replications. The fungicide treatment used was azoxystrobin + cyproconazole + mineral oil; the control was left untreated. The foliar fertilizer was used at two different rates, and the control was not treated. Plants were sprayed at the GS29/GS30, GS45, and GS60 growth stages, and the plants were assessed ten days after the last spray. Chlorophyll a fluorescence, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F v /F m ), and electron transport rate were positively influenced by fertilizer. Fertilizer spraying significantly increased the leaf pigment content (chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids) and the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentration in flag leaves. When used in mixture, the fertilizer mitigates the stresses generated by the fungicide. Key words: Amino acids. Azoxystrobin. Cyproconazole. Triticum aestivum L. ResumoMelhorias no rendimento e qualidade de grãos na cultura do trigo poderiam ser obtidas através da implementação de estratégias, como a utilização de fungicidas com fertilizantes foliares, para proteção das folhas contra patógenos e retardo da senescência durante o enchimento de grãos. Entretanto, poucos estudos têm reportado o efeito destas práticas em trigo, embora estes tratamentos possam representar incrementos na produção de trigo e maiores lucros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do fertilizante foliar aplicado isolado ou em associação com fungicida, em parâmetros fotoquímicos, bioquímicos e nutricionais em plantas de trigo. O ensaio foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação em esquema fatorial 2 × 3 (fungicida x fertilizante) com quatro repetições. O fungicida utilizado foi azoxistrobina + ciproconazol + óleo mineral; o controle foi deixado sem tratamento. O fertilizante foliar foi utilizado em duas doses, e o controle não foi tratado. As plantas foram pulverizadas nos estágios GS29/GS30, GS45 e GS60, e as plantas foram avaliadas dez dias após a última aplicação. Os parâmetros da fluorescência da clorofila a, eficiência fotoquímica máxima do fotossistema II (F v / F m ) e taxa de transporte de elétrons foram positivamente influenciados pelo fertilizante. A aplicação do fertilizante significativamente incrementou o conteúdo de pigmentos foliares (clorofilas a e b e carotenóides) e a concentração de nit...

The effect of fungicides on the content of photosynthetic pigments in spring wheat plants

“…Бразильскими учёными было изучено в условиях теплицы влияние двукратной обработки (в стадиях по Задоксу: 30 -начало удлинения стебля и 45 -конец фазы выхода в трубку) комбинированным зарегистри рованным в этом государстве фунгицидом «Приори Экстра, СК» (200 г/л азоксистробина + 80 г/л ципроконазола) на состав фотосинтетических пигментов в рас тениях пшеницы сорта Кварцо. Под действием ф унги цида происходило уменьшение количества пигментов в листьях пшеницы [31].…”

Enhanced Cd Phytoextraction by Solanum nigrum L. from Contaminated Soils Combined with the Application of N Fertilizers and Double Harvests

“…Conversely, some studies of N application showed that N fertilizer supply could enhance phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils by increasing the shoot biomass yields and not decreasing Cd uptake through hyperaccumulators [ 22 , 23 ]. Furthermore, other studies discovered N could mitigate damages caused by leaf reduction and senescence due to its influence on cell division at different growth stages [ 24 , 25 ]. Generally, N application has different effects on Cd bioaccumulation and antioxidant defense mechanisms under biotic and abiotic stresses between hyperaccumulators and non-hyperaccumulators.…”