Physiological, biochemical and histometric responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) by dietary organic chromium (chromium picolinate) supplementation

Abstract

Chromium has been recognized as a new and important micro-nutrient, essential for both human and animal nutrition. This study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness and/or the use of safety level of dietary chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic), and its effects on the physiological responses, the histometric characteristics, and the chemical analysis of dorsal muscles of mono-sex Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 420 fingerlings (28.00 ± 0.96 g) were randomly distributed into 21 fiberglass tanks representing seven treatments at a rate of 20 fish m−3. The control fish group (T1) was fed a Cr-Pic free basal diet. Other fish groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 200 (T2), 400 (T3), 600 (T4), 800 (T5), 1000 (T6) and 1200 μg Cr-Pic kg−1 diet (T7). Diets were offered to fish at a feeding rate of 3% of life body weight for 12 weeks. Results revealed that blood hematological parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, blood platelets, and white blood cells lymphocytes); serum biochemical measurements (total testosterone, high density lipoprotein, total protein, albumin, and globulin); and the dry matter and crude protein of the fish dorsal muscles all have significantly increased (P ⩽ 0.05) in the T3 treatment compared with the other treatments. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found among all treatments with regard to the histometric characteristics. It can be concluded that Cr-Pic at 400 μg kg−1 diet (T3) seems to be the most appropriate level for O. niloticus fingerlings.

Addition of Chromium (Cr+3) in the diets containing fermented yellow corn meal on jelawat, Leptobarbus hoevenii

“…The experimental diet with concentration 1.55 mg kg -1 Cr +3 had the lower peak and need a shorter time to be accomplished than the other diets, and it was the optimal level of Cr +3 in the diet to transfer the blood glucose into target cells. This is consistent with the research results of Mehrim (2014), in which blood glucose of tilapia (O. niloticus) at low (127 mg dL -1 ) when fed containing chromium picolinate optimal of 400 ppb. Then levels of chromium carbochelate were 18 and 36 mg kg -1 in the diet decreased blood glucose significantly in pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus after 24 and 48 hours of feeding (De Castro et al 2014).…”

“…This condition caused the decreasing of hemoglobin (Hb) in sangkuriang, C. gariepinus when it was fed by the chromium compared to the non-chromium in the diet (Hastuti and Subandiyono 2011). Chromium level was too high also reduce the level of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes on tilapia, O. niloticus (Mehrim 2014). The decrease in supplying Fe +3 causes the interference in the process of energy oxidation.…”

“…Therefore chromium as a cofactor of insulin should be optimized in the diet to maximize the insulin function physiologically. For example, feeding 3.20 ppm chromium produced the highest RNA and RNA/DNA ratio in baung, M. nemurus (Sari et al 2011), addition of chromium picolinate of 0.8 mg kg -1 in the diet increased the muscles protein L. rohita be 28.95 ± 0.91 mg g -1 (Giri et al 2014), and the addition of 400 ppb chromium picolinate in the diet increased protein of muscles to be 63.7% in tilapia, O. niloticus (Mehrim 2012 andMehrim 2014). The activity of insulin doesn't only encourage the protein synthesis but also improves the lipid accumulation.…”

Effect of organic and in-organic chromium supplementation on growth performance and genotoxicity of Labeo rohita

“…Besides the positive effect of Cr on fat, glucose and protein metabolism, distinguished toxicological features were also there (Aslam & Yousafzai, 2017). Obtained results were deviating from Mehrim (2014) conclusions. Contradictory to the positive effect of Cr supplementation on growth (Seluck et al, 2010) demonstrated that Cr picolinate supplementation have no significant impact on growth and metabolism of fish.…”

Whey protein concentrate powder as a growth promoter and an immunostimulant agent for Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings

“…Additionally, medicine herbs (Asimi and Sahu, 2013;Khalil et al, 2014Khalil et al, , 2015Mehrim et al, 2014Mehrim et al, , 2019b and exogenous enzymes (Ayhan et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2019) were determined. Among other feed additives for fish, the organic acids and their salts were reported (Hossain et al, 2007;Khajepour & Hosseini, 2012;Khaled, 2015) whereas some researchers mentioned the use of minerals (Morken et al, 2011;Mehrim, 2012Mehrim, , 2014.…”