Physiological basis for sterilizing effects of constant light in Lymantria dispar

Giebultowicz, J. M.; Ridgway, R. L.; Imberski, Richard B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1990.tb00502.x

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…In these insects, a circadian clock controls rhythms associated with the release and posttesticular maturation of sperm (12,13). Disruption of circadian rhythms by rearing male moths in constant light reduces sperm release and male fertility (14). These experiments provided indirect evidence that the circadian system is important for reproduction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The release of sperm from moth testes follows a robust circadian rhythm, which persists in the RSs isolated in vitro (12,13). Disruption of the moth circadian system by constant light leads to a dramatic reduction in the amount of released sperm (13,14). Thus, physiological disruption of the circadian mechanism in moths and genetic disruption of clock genes in flies both cause a decline in male fecundity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower number of stored sperm may underlie the female phenotype; however, it is also possible that the loss of circadian clock function adversely affects quality or viability of sperm. It is known that disruption of the circadian system in moths leads to production of defective sperm that fail to fertilize eggs (14). It has been proposed that the circadian system orchestrate the physiological processes involved in posttesticular maturation of sperm in moths (36,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss of circadian clock function decreases reproductive fitness in males of Drosophila melanogaster

Beaver

Gvakharia

Vollintine

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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201

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Circadian coordination of life functions is believed to contribute to an organism's fitness; however, such contributions have not been convincingly demonstrated in any animal. The most significant measure of fitness is the reproductive output of the individual and species. Here we examined the consequences of loss of clock function on reproductive fitness in Drosophila melanogaster with mutated period (per 0 ), timeless (tim 0 ), cycle (cyc 0 ), and Clock (Clk Jrk ) genes. Single mating among couples with clock-deficient phenotypes resulted in Ϸ40% fewer progeny compared with wild-type flies, because of a decreased number of eggs laid and a greater rate of unfertilized eggs. Male contribution to this phenotype was demonstrated by a decrease in reproductive capacity among per 0 and tim 0 males mated with wild-type females. The important role of clock genes for reproductive fitness was confirmed by reversal of the low-fertility phenotype in flies with rescued per or tim function. Males lacking a functional clock showed a significant decline in the quantity of sperm released from the testes to seminal vesicles, and these tissues displayed rhythmic and autonomous expression of clock genes. By combining molecular and physiological approaches, we identified a circadian clock in the reproductive system and defined its role in the sperm release that promotes reproductive fitness in D. melanogaster.M any life functions, from cellular activities to behavior, display daily (circadian) rhythms. These rhythms are generated by cell-autonomous circadian clocks and involve several genes encoding transcriptional regulators, which are substantially conserved among animals ranging from fruit flies to humans (1). The core clock mechanism in Drosophila melanogaster involves rhythmic transcription of the period (per) and timeless (tim) genes followed by nuclear accumulation of their proteins, PER and TIM. Another gene, Clock (Clk), shows mRNA oscillations that are out of phase with the oscillations of per and tim mRNAs. Protein encoded by Clk, together with protein encoded by the gene cycle (cyc), activates transcription of per and tim. These four genes are essential for the function of the brain clock, and a null mutation in any of them renders the fly behaviorally arrhythmic (2).Although the importance of circadian clocks in controlling behavior is well documented, their functional significance for physiology is less understood. Clock genes are rhythmically and autonomously expressed in peripheral tissues of D. melanogaster (3-5), zebrafish (6), and mammals (7), suggesting that peripheral clocks may coordinate physiological processes ultimately affecting fitness. Few studies have compared physiological parameters between individuals with a normal or disrupted circadian clock in any species. A study in cyanobacteria demonstrated that colonies in which free-running circadian periods are in resonance with environmental 12-h light͞12-h dark cycles (LD) out-compete colonies in which internal and external periodicities are out of synchro...

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mentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Loss of circadian clock function decreases reproductive fitness in males of Drosophila melanogaster

Beaver

Gvakharia

Vollintine

et al. 2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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201

123

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“…Correlation between development time and circadian clocks was also reported in laboratory selection studies on melon flies (Miyatake, 1997b;Shimizu et al, 1997) and fruit flies (Kumar et al, 2006;Takahashi et al, 2013;Yadav and Sharma, 2013a). Disruption of circadian timing systems results in reduced reproductive output in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Giebultowicz et al, 1990), and D. melanogaster (Beaver et al, 2002;Beaver et al, 2003), shortening of adult lifespan in D. melanogaster (Hendricks et al, 2003;Kumar et al, 2005), reduction in vegetative growth and survivorship in Arabidopsis thaliana (Dodd et al, 2005), and increased predation in free-living ground squirrels Spermophilus lateralis (DeCoursey et al, 1997) and chipmunks Tamias striatus (DeCoursey et al, 2000). Furthermore, circadian clocks in resonance with environmental light/dark (LD) cycles have been shown to enhance adult lifespan of D. melanogaster (Pittendrigh and Minis, 1972;Klarsfeld and Rouyer, 1998) and blow flies Phormia terraenovae (von Saint Paul and Aschoff, 1978), and competitive ability in cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Correlated changes in life history traits in response to selection for faster pre-adult development in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Yadav

Sharma

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Insects including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are under intense pressure to develop rapidly because they inhabit ephemeral habitats. We have previously shown that when selection for faster development was artificially imposed on D. melanogaster in the laboratory, reduction of pre-adult development time and shortening of the clock period occurs, suggesting a role for circadian clocks in the regulation of life history traits. Circadian clocks in D. melanogaster have also been implicated in the control of metabolic pathways, ageing processes, oxidative stress and defense responses to exogenous stressors. In order to rigorously examine correlations between pre-adult development time and other life history traits, we assayed pre-adult survivorship, starvation and desiccation resistance, body size and body weight, fecundity and adult lifespan in faster developing populations of D. melanogaster. The results revealed that selection for faster pre-adult development significantly reduced several adult fitness traits in the faster developing flies without affecting pre-adult survivorship. Although overall fecundity of faster developing flies was reduced, their egg output per unit body weight was significantly higher than that of controls, indicating that reduction in adult lifespan might be due to disproportionate investment in reproduction. Thus our results suggest that selection for faster preadult development in D. melanogaster yields flies with higher reproductive fitness. Because these flies also have shorter clock periods, our results can be taken to suggest that pre-adult development time and circadian clock period are correlated with various adult life history traits in D. melanogaster, implying that circadian clocks may have adaptive significance.

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“…After night-time retention in the vas deferens lumen, sperm is transferred to the seminal vesicles due to the morning increase in the intensity of contraction of the vas deferens wall (Giebultowicz et al 1996). The importance of circadian coordination of sperm release and maturation is manifested dramatically in constant light, which disrupts all rhythms and leads to male sterility (Giebultowicz et al 1990). …”

Section: Where Is the Physiology?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral clocks and their role in circadian timing: insights from insects

Giebułtowicz

2001

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

104

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Impressive advances have been made recently in our understanding of the molecular basis of the cellautonomous circadian feedback loop; however, much less is known about the overall organization of the circadian systems. How many clocks tick in a multicellular animal, such as an insect, and what are their roles and the relationships between them? Most attempts to locate clock-containing tissues were based on the analysis of behavioural rhythms and identi¢ed brain-located timing centres in a variety of animals. Characterization of several essential clock genes and analysis of their expression patterns revealed that molecular components of the clock are active not only in the brain, but also in many peripheral organs of Drosophila and other insects as well as in vertebrates. Subsequent experiments have shown that isolated peripheral organs can maintain self-sustained and light sensitive cycling of clock genes in vitro. This, together with earlier demonstrations that physiological output rhythms persist in isolated organs and tissues, provide strong evidence for the existence of functionally autonomous local circadian clocks in insects and other animals. Circadian systems in complex animals may include many peripheral clocks with tissue-speci¢c functions and a varying degree of autonomy, which seems to be correlated with their sensitivity to external entraining signals.

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Physiological basis for sterilizing effects of constant light in Lymantria dispar

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Loss of circadian clock function decreases reproductive fitness in males of Drosophila melanogaster

Loss of circadian clock function decreases reproductive fitness in males of Drosophila melanogaster

Correlated changes in life history traits in response to selection for faster pre-adult development in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Peripheral clocks and their role in circadian timing: insights from insects

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