Physiological and Psychological Effects of Progesterone in Man

Little, Betsy C.; Matta, Raymond J.; Zahn, Theodore P.

doi:10.1097/00005053-197410000-00004

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Two more recent studies administered progesterone intramuscularly in acute doses of 100 mg (de Wit et al, 2001) and 200 mg (Söderpalm et al, 2004), producing peak plasma progesterone levels (82 and 175 ng/ml, respectively) well above those observed during a normal luteal phase; even under those conditions there were only modest increases in sedation and minimal performance impairment. In males, oral progesterone administration (10 mg/day) for 7 days impaired reaction time and increased sluggishness (Little et al, 1974), whereas an acute dose of 300 mg did not alter cognitive performance (Grön et al, 1997). In the present study, items related to sedation were included in the bad drug effect cluster; yet, there was no evidence that progesterone administration resulted in any adverse effects.…”

Section: Subjective Effectscontrasting

confidence: 48%

Exogenous Progesterone Attenuates the Subjective Effects of Smoked Cocaine in Women, but not in Men

Evans

Foltin

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

188

221

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In a previous study, we showed that the positive subjective effects of cocaine were higher during the follicular phase compared to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The purpose of the present study was to determine if exogenously administered progesterone during the follicular phase in females would attenuate the response to cocaine compared to the normal follicular phase, thus making the response to cocaine similar to the luteal phase. To address the role of sex differences, males were also administered exogenous progesterone during one inpatient stay. In all, 11 female and 10 male non-treatment-seeking cocaine smokers participated. Females had three inpatient stays: one during a normal follicular phase, one during a normal luteal phase, and one during a follicular phase when exogenous progesterone was administered. Males had two inpatient stays: one when exogenous progesterone was administered and the other when placebo was administered. During each inpatient admission, there were four smoked cocaine administration sessions: participants were administered six doses of cocaine (0, 6, 12, or 25 mg cocaine base) at 14 min intervals. Smoked cocaine increased heart rate, blood pressure and several subjective effects such as 'good drug effect' and 'drug quality' cluster scores. Administration of progesterone during the follicular phase in women attenuated the positive subjective effects of cocaine, whereas only minimal changes were observed in men. These results indicate that progesterone modulates the response to cocaine in women and suggests that fluctuations in endogenous progesterone levels account for some of the sex differences observed in humans.

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Section: Subjective Effectscontrasting

confidence: 48%

Exogenous Progesterone Attenuates the Subjective Effects of Smoked Cocaine in Women, but not in Men

Evans

Foltin

2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

188

221

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“…15 Furthermore, no severe adverse effects have been reported even when progesterone was used at high dose. 16,17 In two clinical trials involving patients with traumatic brain injury, progesterone was shown to be well tolerated. 18,19 However, there have been no clinical trials examining the effect of acute administration of progesterone after ischemic stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone Treatment for Experimental Stroke: An Individual Animal Meta-Analysis

Wong

Renton

Gibson

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Preclinical studies suggest progesterone is neuroprotective after cerebral ischemia. The gold standard for assessing intervention effects across studies within and between subgroups is to use meta-analysis based on individual animal data (IAD). Preclinical studies of progesterone in experimental stroke were identified from searches of electronic databases and reference lists. Corresponding authors of papers of interest were contacted to obtain IAD and, if unavailable, summary data were obtained from the publication. Data are given as standardized mean differences (SMDs, continuous data) or odds ratios (binary data), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In an unadjusted analysis of IAD and summary data, progesterone reduced standardized lesion volume (SMD À 0.766, 95% CI À 1.173 to À 0.358, Po0.001). Publication bias was apparent on visual inspection of a Begg's funnel plot on lesion volume and statistically using Egger's test (P ¼ 0.001). Using individual animal data alone, progesterone was associated with an increase in death in adjusted analysis (odds ratio 2.64, 95% CI 1.17 to 5.97, P ¼ 0.020). Although progesterone significantly reduced lesion volume, it also appeared to increase the incidence of death after experimental stroke, particularly in young ovariectomized female animals. Experimental studies must report the effect of interactions on death and on modifiers, such as age and sex.

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“…The level of progesterone drops dramatically with the onset of menses and remains at negligible levels until the next ovulation occurs. Progesterone's thermogenic effects (Little et al, 1974) allow women to use basal body temperature (BBT) as a simple method for determining ovulatory cycles (Moghissi, 1980). During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, from ovulation until the next menses, an ovulating female will exhibit higher early morning oral temperatures when compared to the preovulatory, or follicular, phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Temperature Rhythms in Relation to Menstrual Cycle Phase

Lee

1988

J Biol Rhythms

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In order to describe circadian temperature rhythms in relation to female ovulatory cycles, a study was conducted in which continuous rectal temperature was monitored in healthy women at two phases of their menstrual cycles. Results indicate that, in addition to an increase in the mesor, there is a significant dampening of the temperature amplitude during the luteal (postovulatory) phase compared to the follicular (preovulatory) phase. In comparison with studies of male subjects, the average acrophase for females may occur about 2 hr earlier.Results from this study provide descriptive normative data, controlling for menstrual cycle phase, to which female clinical populations can be compared. The use of circadian temperature rhythm as a possible noninvasive diagnostic indicator of ovulation is also discussed.As women ovulate and then menstruate during a monthly cycle, gonadal hormone levels rise and fall. One of these gonadal hormones, progesterone, is secreted from the corpus luteum during ovulation and throughout the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The level of progesterone drops dramatically with the onset of menses and remains at negligible levels until the next ovulation occurs. Progesterone's thermogenic effects (Little et al., 1974) allow women to use basal body temperature (BBT) as a simple method for determining ovulatory cycles (Moghissi, 1980). During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, from ovulation until the next menses, an ovulating female will exhibit higher early morning oral temperatures when compared to the preovulatory, or follicular, phase. Yet some BBT charts are difficult to interpret, even by highly qualified specialists (Quagliarello & Arny, 1986). This difficulty may be accounted for by individual differences in the circadian temperature peaks and nadirs related to sleep and wakefulness.The purpose of this study was to describe circadian temperature rhythms in healthy women during the low-and high-progesterone phases of the menstrual cycle. Although many circadian rhythm researchers have used female subjects in their studies, few have controlled for the phase of the menstrual cycle in their study designs or in the interpretation of their findings.

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Physiological and Psychological Effects of Progesterone in Man

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Exogenous Progesterone Attenuates the Subjective Effects of Smoked Cocaine in Women, but not in Men

Exogenous Progesterone Attenuates the Subjective Effects of Smoked Cocaine in Women, but not in Men

Progesterone Treatment for Experimental Stroke: An Individual Animal Meta-Analysis

Circadian Temperature Rhythms in Relation to Menstrual Cycle Phase

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