Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

Wiltbank, Milo C.; Souza, A. H.; Carvalho, P.D.; Cunha, A.P.; Giordano, J.O.; Fricke, P.M.; Baez, Giovanni M.; Diskin, M.G.

doi:10.1017/s1751731114000585

Cited by 173 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Por otro lado, las vacas de alta producción tienen un mayor flujo sanguíneo y un metabolismo hepático más acelerado, que determina una desaparición más rápida de las hormonas reproductivas, afectando la calidad del ovocito y desarrollo del embrión. Además, la reducción en los niveles de estradiol deprimen la expresión del celo y los de progesterona (P4) se asocian a mayor mortalidad embrionaria (48)(49)(50) .…”

Section: Signos Generales De Nutrición Inadecuadaunclassified

Avances sobre nutrición y fertilidad en ganado lechero: Revisión

Meléndez

Bartolome

2017

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

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RESUMENEn esta revisión se analizan los últimos antecedentes sobre la relación entre la nutrición y fertilidad en ganado lechero. Se establece la importancia de los niveles sanguíneos de glucosa en el postparto temprano y su relación con la fisiología de algunas hormonas tales como la insulina, IGF-I y somatotrofina. Se resalta la importancia de la inmunosupresión de la vaca durante el periparto y su relación con el exceso de tejido adiposo que establece un estado pro-inflamatorio característico asociado con la aparición de enfermedades metabólicas y reproductivas, que afectan el rendimiento productivo y la fertilidad del ganado lechero.PALABRAS CLAVE: Nutrición, Fertilidad, Preparto, Postparto, Enfermedades. ABSTRACTIn this review, new advances on the relationship between nutrition and fertility in dairy cattle are presented. The importance of glucose levels in the early postpartum and its relationship to the physiology of some hormones such as insulin, IGF-I and somatotropin are established. The importance of immunosuppression around parturition and its relationship with the excess of adipose tissue that institutes a characteristic pro-inflammatory state is highlighted. Immunosuppression is associated with the onset of metabolic and reproductive diseases affecting productivity and fertility of the dairy herd.

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Section: Signos Generales De Nutrición Inadecuadaunclassified

Avances sobre nutrición y fertilidad en ganado lechero: Revisión

Meléndez

Bartolome

2017

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

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“…Circulating P4 concentrations represent a balance between the production of P4, primarily by the corpus luteum (CL), and the metabolism by the liver (Wiltbank et al, 2014). There is no direct effect of P4 on embryo development (Clemente et al, 2009).…”

Section: Role Of Progesterone On Embryo Development and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

63 Effect of Endometrial Biopsy on Uterine Health of Tropically Adapted Beef Cattle

Ramirez-Garzon

Satake

Lyons

et al. 2017

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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In cattle, early embryonic loss during the first two to three weeks after fertilisation is recognised as the major cause of reproductive failure, with consequent significant impacts on business performance of beef and dairy farms. Inadequate endometrial receptivity is considered an important cause of early embryonic mortality in cattle. A pilot experiment was conducted to compare the outcome of performing different endometrial sampling procedures in tropically adapted (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) heifers, and to select the most suitable method to collect samples for investigation of endometrial gene expression. Endometrial biopsy (EB) using a biopsy device with a diameter similar to an artificial insemination gun (10366L Karl Storz®, Germany) was found to be the most reliable method of collecting endometrial samples in these heifers, with the samples recovered yielding a mean concentration of RNA of 72.9 ±39.3 ng/µl and mean RNA integrity number (RIN) of 7.3 ±1.1.To assess the likely safety of conducting EB in cattle a systematic review of published information assessing the impact of EB on subsequent pregnancy rates was conducted. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol, online searches identified 1164 possible studies. After applying the exclusion criteria, six studies allowed the comparison of pregnancy rates between sampled (n= 1,208) and non-sampled cows (n=2,393). The results showed that EB can be performed before breeding without adversely affecting the likelihood of cows becoming pregnant.A major objective of the research was to determine whether EB and evaluation of endometrial gene expression could be used to identify tropically adapted embryo transfer (ET) recipients more likely to become pregnant. Three potential EB scenarios were investigated, 1) EB on Day 7 of the oestrous cycle prior to the cycle when ET would be performed, 2) EB on Day 4 of the oestrous cycle in which ET would be performed i.e. EB 3 days before ET, and 3) EB on the same day when ET would be performed.The first study assessed the morphological and inflammatory changes induced by endometrial biopsy. Pre-synchronised heifers underwent EB from the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL) either at Day 7 of the previous cycle (Group 1 n=10) followed by administration of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2α or at Day 4 (Group 2, n=7) of the present cycle. All heifers were slaughtered on Day 7 of the present cycle. The site of EB was visually evident in 40% (4/10) of Group 1 and 42% (3/7) of Group 2 heifers. Histological assessment revealed no evidence of changes indicative of endometritis in either the biopsied or non-biopsied horns in both groups. The histological iii changes observed included mild mononuclear infiltration of the epithelium and mild vascular changes associated with haemorrhage and congestion.Initial investigation of the endometrial expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β and wound healing cytokine TGFβ genes found no significant difference betwe...

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“…For progesterone, this concentration or range of concentration remains unknown and likely varies with the stage of the reproductive cycle. Nevertheless, it is clear that anovular cows and those that develop the ovulatory follicle with low concentrations of progesterone have marked reductions in P/AI (Bisinotto et al, 2010;Wiltbank et al, 2012bWiltbank et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Identification Of Anovular Cows and Those That Respond To Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects and mechanisms of low fertility in anovulatory dairy cows

Santos¹,

Wiltbank²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2016

Anim Reprod

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Postpartum anovulation is a natural process that is observed in most mammals, including women. In lactating dairy cows, the interval from calving to first ovulation typically averages 4 to 5 weeks, but a substantial proportion of cows have not resumed estrous cyclicity by 60 days postpartum. Extended delay in resumption of first postpartum ovulation is known to exert long-lasting detrimental effects on fertility in dairy cows including the lack of spontaneous estrus and subsequent timely insemination postpartum, but when anovular cows have the estrous cycle synchronized for artificial insemination (AI), still pregnancy per AI is reduced and the risk of pregnancy loss increased. Many risk factors exist for extended postpartum anovulatory periods such as negative nutrient balance and diseases, and these risk factors are also known to depress fertility by themselves. A key feature in anovular cows when inseminated is that they develop the ovulatory follicle under subluteal or low concentrations of progesterone. Progesterone from the corpus luteum is pivotal for follicle development, oocyte competence, embryo growth, and endometrial function; however, many of these effects exerted by progesterone are mediated either by secretion of gonadotropins influencing follicular function and oocyte competence or by endometrial histotroph secretion influencing embryo/conceptus growth and developmental biology. Sub-optimal concentrations of progesterone during follicle growth in anovular cows affect morula and early blastocyst quality, alter conceptus gene expression and affect endometrial function increasing the synthesis of prostaglandin F2α . When anovular cows receive sufficient supplemental progesterone during the antral stages of development of the ovulatory follicle, then pregnancy per AI is reestablished and resembled that of estrous cyclic cows that developed the follicle during diestrus. Preliminary data suggest that a minimum concentration of progesterone during follicle growth is needed to optimize fertility in anovular cows, at least 2.0 ng/ml.

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Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle

Cited by 173 publications

References 124 publications

Avances sobre nutrición y fertilidad en ganado lechero: Revisión

Avances sobre nutrición y fertilidad en ganado lechero: Revisión

63 Effect of Endometrial Biopsy on Uterine Health of Tropically Adapted Beef Cattle

Aspects and mechanisms of low fertility in anovulatory dairy cows

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