Physiological and molecular interaction in the host–parasitoid system Heliothis virescens–Toxoneuron nigriceps: current status and future perspectives

Malva, C.; Varricchio, Paola; Falabella, Patrizia; Scaleia, Raffaella La; Graziani, Franco; Pennacchio, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.09.008

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The CsIV vankyrin family consists of seven open reading frames (ORFs) that are differentially expressed in tissues of parasitized Heliothis virescens hosts (28). PDV vankyrin proteins are comprised of ankyrin repeat domains resembling those of IB proteins that act as regulated inhibitors of NF-B signal transduction cascades (12,28,39,56).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergences in Protein Activity and Cellular Localization within the Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus Vankyrin Family

Kroemer

Webb

2006

J Virol

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergences in Protein Activity and Cellular Localization within the Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus Vankyrin Family

Kroemer

Webb

2006

J Virol

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“…The prothoracic glands of mature H. virescens larvae show a dramatic reduction in biosynthetic activity when parasitized by T. nigriceps, and this alteration is reproduced by TnBV infection (40,48). The reduced ecdysone biosynthesis is associated to the underphosphorylation of key regulatory proteins of the prothoracicotropic hormone signal transduction pathway, which culminates with a translational block of host protein synthesis (48).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bracoviruses Contain a Large Multigene Family Coding for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Provost¹,

Varricchio

Arana

et al. 2004

J Virol

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The relationship between parasitic wasps and bracoviruses constitutes one of the few known mutualisms between viruses and eukaryotes. The virions produced in the wasp ovaries are injected into host lepidopteran larvae, where virus genes are expressed, allowing successful development of the parasite by inducing host immune suppression and developmental arrest. Bracovirus-bearing wasps have a common phylogenetic origin, and contemporary bracoviruses are hypothesized to have been inherited by chromosomal transmission from a virus that originally integrated into the genome of the common ancestor wasp living 73.7 ؎ 10 million years ago. However, so far no conserved genes have been described among different braconid wasp subfamilies. Here we show that a gene family is present in bracoviruses of different braconid wasp subfamilies (Cotesia congregata, Microgastrinae, and Toxoneuron nigriceps, Cardiochilinae) which likely corresponds to an ancient component of the bracovirus genome that might have been present in the ancestral virus. The genes encode proteins belonging to the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, known to play a key role in the control of signal transduction pathways. Bracovirus protein tyrosine phosphatase genes were shown to be expressed in different tissues of parasitized hosts, and two protein tyrosine phosphatases were produced with recombinant baculoviruses and tested for their biochemical activity. One protein tyrosine phosphatase is a functional phosphatase. These results strengthen the hypothesis that protein tyrosine phosphatases are involved in virally induced alterations of host physiology during parasitism.

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“…Parasitoids use various strategies to regulate host ecdysteroid levels, including controlling the release of PTTH, degrading the cells of the prothoracic gland, degrading the host's ability to secrete moulting hormone and desensitizing the prothoracic gland to the stimulation of PTTH (Cusson et al 2000;Pfister-Wilhelm and Lanzrein 2009). Some studies have found that the parasitization may lead to a general decline in the host's moulting hormone, in such various species as Trichoplusia ni parasitized by Chelonus insularis (Jones 1996), Choristoneura fumiferana parasitized by Tranosema rostrale (Cusson et al 2000), Heliothis virescens parasitized by Cardiochiles nigriceps (Pennacchio et al 2001) and in H. virescens (F.) parasitized by Toxoneuron nigriceps (Viereck) (Malva et al 2004). Compared to levels in non-parasitized larvae, the 20-E in parasitized larvae obviously decreased during the first 3 days after parasitization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the hormone regulation of host development in parasitoid-host systems have mainly focused on Braconidae (Hegazi and Khafagi 2005;Nakai et al 2005; Pfister-Wilhelm and Lanzrein 2009) and Ichneumonidae (Nakahara et al 2000;Edwards et al 2006). Parasitoids regulate the synthesis, release and metabolism of host moulting hormones using venom, polydnavirus and teratocytes to provide a suitable environment for their larvae to develop (Malva et al 2004). Studies have found parasitoids employ a variety of strategies to regulate host moulting hormone, such as controlling the synthesis and release of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), desensitizing the prothoracic gland to the stimulation of PTTH, decreasing the moulting hormone-synthesizing activity of the prothoracic gland and using apoptosis of prothoracic gland cells to change keynote production (Pennacchio and Strand 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleopolyhedrovirus infection and/or parasitism by Microplitis pallidipes affected haemolymph titre of 20‐hydroxyecdysone in Spodoptera exigua larvae

Wan

Liu

et al. 2015

J Applied Entomology

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This study examined the physiological effects of joint and separate parasitism and infection by the endoparasitoid Microplitis pallidipes Sz epligeti and the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), respectively, on haemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) titre in Spodoptera exigua (H€ ubner) larvae. The results indicated that in parasitized larvae, virus-infected larvae (5.7 9 10 3 and 5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml) and parasitized larvae infected with virus at 5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml, compared to healthy larvae, the 20-E all declined during the first 3 days but began to increase from day 4 after treatment, while in jointly parasitized and infected larvae (5.7 9 10 3 OB/ml), the 20-E declined during the first 4 days but began to increase on day 5 after treatment. Meanwhile, compared to parasitized larvae, the 20-E declined during the first 4 days but significantly increased on day 5 in jointly parasitized and infected larvae (5.7 9 10 3 OB/ml), while significantly increased during the first 2 days but began to decrease from day 3 after treatment in jointly parasitized and infected larvae (5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml). Finally, in larvae that were both parasitized and virus infected (5.7 9 10 3 OB/ml), compared to just virus-infected larvae (5.7 9 10 3 OB/ml), the 20-E was lower on days 3 and 4 but higher on other days after treatment; in larvae that were both parasitized and virus infected (5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml), compared to just virus-infected larvae (5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml), the 20-E was significantly higher at the first 2 days but lower from day 3 after treatment. Our results revealed that 2nd instar larval M. pallidipes in host bodies may release 20-E into the haemolymph of S. exigua larvae and that NPV infection may stimulate S. exigua to release more 20-E during its third to fourth instar larval moulting. We found that this stimulatory effect was greater with higher virus concentrations.

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Physiological and molecular interaction in the host–parasitoid system Heliothis virescens–Toxoneuron nigriceps: current status and future perspectives

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

Divergences in Protein Activity and Cellular Localization within the Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus Vankyrin Family

Divergences in Protein Activity and Cellular Localization within the Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus Vankyrin Family

Bracoviruses Contain a Large Multigene Family Coding for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Nucleopolyhedrovirus infection and/or parasitism by Microplitis pallidipes affected haemolymph titre of 20‐hydroxyecdysone in Spodoptera exigua larvae

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