Physiological and molecular adaptation to starvation and recovery from starvation by the marine Vibrio sp. S14

Nyström, Thomas; Albertson, Nan H.; Flärdh, Klas; Kjelleberg, Staffan

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.1990.tb01679.x

Cited by 35 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(65 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An important feature of the starvation response is the ability of starving cells to mount a general resistance to stress (14,28,38). Perturbations of the adaptation process may thus affect the development of protection against some stress conditions.…”

Section: Materuils and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Stringent control during carbon starvation of marine Vibrio sp. strain S14: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and deletion of the relA gene

et al. 1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to evaluate the role of the stringent response in starvation adaptations of the marine Vtbrio sp. strain S14, we have cloned the relA gene and generated relaxed mutants of this organism. The concentrations of biologically available nutrients are generally low in natural bacterial habitats (34, 35), and adaptations to restrictions in nutrient and energy availability may contribute significantly to the fitness of bacteria in such environments. Marine vibrios are adequate models for studies of starvation responses, and their adaptations include the development of general stress resistance and the ability to survive extended periods of complete carbon and energy starvation. Alterations in cell surface components, adhesive properties, nutrient scavenging, and uptake systems are commonly observed (reviewed in references 21, 22, and 33). The marine isolate Vibrio sp. strain S14 has served as a model organism in many of these studies (38). It responds to multiplenutrient starvation by a developmental process comprising the temporally ordered induction of more than 66 starvationinduced (Sti) proteins (39). The identities of the Sti proteins are, with some exceptions (17), unknown, but it is assumed that phenotypic adaptations during the starvation response can be ascribed to the induction of specific Sti proteins. That is the case with Escherichia coli, in which several of the phenotypes that are expressed during stationary phase are dependent on specific members of the as or RpoS regulon (14).The transition of growing Vbrio sp. strain S14 cells to multiple-nutrient starvation includes the induction of the stringent response (39), a regulatory network with pleiotropic effects on cellular physiology, primarily studied as it occurs in E. coli (3). Evidence for a role of the stringent response in the starvation adaptation of Vibrio sp. strain S14 was obtained

show abstract

Section: Materuils and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The marine isolate Vibrio sp. strain S14 has served as a model organism in many of these studies (38). It responds to multiplenutrient starvation by a developmental process comprising the temporally ordered induction of more than 66 starvationinduced (Sti) proteins (39).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stringent control during carbon starvation of marine Vibrio sp. strain S14: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and deletion of the relA gene

et al. 1994

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both the rates of growth and cell volume are significantly lower for nutrient-stressed than nutrient-replete bacterioplankton (Jaan et al 1986, Gonzalez et al 1993, Moyer & Morita 1989, Nystrom et al 1990). In environments where temperature is low and constant, such as in polar regions, nutrient availability regulates the patterns and rates of bacterial growth.…”

Section: Influence Of Growth and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns in grazing mortality of bacterioplankton in polar oceans: a bipolar comparison

Anderson¹,

Rivkin²

2001

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite the relevance of high latitude oceans to models and budgets of biogenic carbon,and the central role of heterotrophic microbes in global biogeochemical cycles, the patterns of energy flow through the lower food web in polar regions are poorly understood. To assess bacteriabased food webs in polar regions, the distribution, growth, and respiration and grazing losses of bacteria must be characterized. We report on the results of a seasonal (late winter through late summer) study of protist grazing in both Resolute Bay, Northwest Territories, Canadian Arctic and McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, and summarize the literature on the relations between the growth and grazing mortality of polar bacterioplankton. Bacterial abundance varied 5-fold in the Arctic and 25-fold in the Antarctic. Average bacterial growth rates ranged from 0.1 to 1.1 d -1. During comparable seasons, bacterial abundance was 2-to 3-fold higher and growth rates were 2-to 3-fold lower in the Antarctic than the Arctic. When grazing occurred, microzooplankton consumed nearly all of the local bacterial production. Grazing losses of bacteria were negligible immediately before and after the phytoplankton bloom. We propose that at these times, bacterioplankton were nutrient limited and protists were predominantly herbivorous. Protozoan grazers appear to alternate between bacterivorous and herbivorous nutritional modes as prey fields change in response to the seasonal progression in submarine irradiance and concentration of dissolved nutrients. The timing and magnitude of the phytoplankton bloom and the duration of the post-bloom period exert a significant influence on the flux of bacterioplankton carbon through microzooplankton and ultimately the coupling of the microbial and metazoan food webs.

show abstract

“…Subsequent research has demonstrated that under conditions of low organic substrate supply, heterotrophic marine bacteria can enter a phase of long-term survival in 'E-mail: sherrb@oce.orst.edu O Inter-Research 1999 which the rate of endogenous metabolism is low (reviewed in Morita 1997). Bacteria deprived of nutrients form ultramicrocells similar in size to that of in situ bacteria (Moyer & Morita 1989, Nystrom et al 1990). In laboratory culture, starved marine Vibrio sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating abundance and single-cell characteristics of respiring bacteria via the redox dye CTC

Sherr

Giorgio²,

Sherr³

1999

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

167

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The redox dye 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) is used in aquatic sciences as a vital stain for enumeration of respiring bacteria in situ. Questions concerning its efficacy have been raised. We propose that the abundance of CTC-positive (CTC+) bacteria is a useful parameter in microbial ecology based on the following information: (1) Taxonomically diverse strains of aerobic, heterotrophic marine bacteria reduce CTC to its fluorescent product. (2) The proportion of CTC+ cells in laboratory cultures and in bacterioplankton assemblages varies in meaningful ways: the proportion of CTC+ cells is greatest for bacteria in log-phase growth, and lowest for bacteria in late stationary phase; particle-associated bacteria in various marine environments exhibit a higher percentage of CTC+ ceUs compared to bacteria freely suspended in the water column; the proportion of CTC+ cells in a bacterioplankton assemblage can be increased by an order of magnitude or more by addition of substrate, in the absence of net change in bacterial numbers. (3) Flow cytometric analysis shows a strong relationship between characteristics of CTC+ cells (abundance, size, red fluorescence) and rates of leucine incorporation by bacterial assemblages. We suggest that CTC+ cells represent those bacteria characterized by a high level of metabolic activity, and that cells which show no apparent reduction of CTC have either low or no metabolic activity. Some portion of CTC-negative (CTC-) cells may have sufficient RNA content, andlor ability to assimilate labile substrates at dilute concentrations, to be identifiable as 'active' via indices of cell-specific rRNA content or of rnicroautoradiography. Quantitative differences in metabolism between 'highly active' CTC+ cells, and 'less active' CTC-cells have yet to be determined.

show abstract

Physiological and molecular adaptation to starvation and recovery from starvation by the marine Vibrio sp. S14

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

Stringent control during carbon starvation of marine Vibrio sp. strain S14: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and deletion of the relA gene

Stringent control during carbon starvation of marine Vibrio sp. strain S14: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and deletion of the relA gene

Seasonal patterns in grazing mortality of bacterioplankton in polar oceans: a bipolar comparison

Estimating abundance and single-cell characteristics of respiring bacteria via the redox dye CTC

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About